关于北美UL/ETL对于关键零部件的要求

hdf590

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这个真的不好说，建议先参照Fasten的NRTL来源以及美国的电工法以及对标准的理解。

water1983

真诚期待熟悉UL认证的高人指点

quanhe

光伏产品块，UL有一份内部的重测导则，ETL也有一份，据我所知，其实ETL和UL的重测导则有比较大的区别，ETL比较偏向于美规安全性测试，而ETL一般偏向于欧标性能测试，但是不管怎样，两者的最终测试依据还是UL1703，UL首先会要求测试一个整机产品，然后会要求关键零部件(像J-BOX、线缆、背板等)也要有UL的认证，但是假如这个时候你的线缆刚好没有UL认证，J-BOX有认证，那么就有一个比较变通的方法就是让线缆和该J-BOX必须有一个随机测试来证明我的线缆和J-BOX的匹配是没有问题的，随机测试的费用会比认证的费用低，测试项目和周期也会少，但是缺点是这种线缆只能使用在做过随机测试的J-BOX上.
2 k6 C% O4 V! k9 S- E以上经验之谈仅供参考！

bisiwuyi

quanhe 发表于 2012-9-8 23:38
光伏产品块，UL有一份内部的重测导则，ETL也有一份，据我所知，其实ETL和UL的重测导则有比较大的区别，ETL比 ...

" x% ?0 W- v( Z% D. Y' t& d: z我想了解测试用的标准，是根据你的产品，如何确定的？即什么样的文件来确定样品使用什么样的标准？
2 \% j, U" m8 \& |4 ^5 e# j对于关键零部件也是一样的，难道在你提到的这份标准里面有清单吗?应该是有其他文件来指导吧？

. o! _# `: d4 M& u' Q! f9 h对于是关键零部件需要测试的，关键零部件参考什么样的标准，这个又是从何而来的呢？
1 \9 f9 }$ a# K  Q+ V
7 t1 R' H" @" P你所说的随机测试是中式说法吧？是不是就是指UL/ETL中的competent testing？

fasten

UL自己出的每一个标准都会几乎都有这么一个章节或类似的章节：
# Y: e- i- f( N' {" _% ^5 d& v
X.1 Except as indicated in 4X.2, a component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with the requirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering components generally used in the products covered by this standard.

# B- C$ E7 e1 t同时还应该注意标准的某些章节如UL1310：
0 I! S+ l9 _' B8 F0 E1 G
12.2 There shall be no components connected between primary and output circuits which result in a conductive connection (see 5.4). If capacitive coupling is provided between primary and output circuits, it shall consist of either:
a) A capacitor complying with the antenna coupling requirements specified in the Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances, UL 1414; or
+ s6 y* W$ L8 K$ x; P; k( E
! X) O$ s! k2 Q: _" Q- k' U& l现在UL的一些标准也在做改进，如UL499则开始抛弃Appendix A的传统要求，开始细化到具体要求如：
  k3 o- H, U9 b: G" ?9 m5 Q5A.2 Requirements for Components
Section 5A.2 Added November 30, 2010
2 Z$ @( G1 F' Z# t5A.2.1 Insulated Wire, Cable and Cords
5A.2.1.1 A cord set or power supply cord shall comply with the Standard for Cord Sets and Power Supply Cords, UL 817.
5A.2.1.2 Flexible cord and cables shall comply with the Standard for Flexible Cords and Cables, UL 62. Flexible cord and cables are considered to fulfill this requirement when preassembled in a cord set or power supply cord complying with Standard for Cord Sets and Power Supply Cords, UL 817.
5A.2.1.3 Internal wiring composed of insulated conductors shall comply with the Standard for Appliance Wiring Material, UL 758.
......

5A.2.13 Gaskets and Seals
! p  V8 o- ?  l8 k' g: [5A.2.13.1 Gaskets and seals that comply with the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157, are considered to fulfill the requirements of 33.1.4 and 33.1.5.
" ~3 a, m, U7 b5A.2.14 Printed Wiring Boards
% B$ `9 y5 A3 T; S6 H- K& G9 M- q4 y+ ^5A.2.14.1 Printed wiring boards shall comply with the Standard for Printed-Wiring Boards, UL 796. Unless otherwise specified, the flammability class shall be that specified for insulating materials.
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可以看出，其实UL标准对于零部件的具体要求是非常明确的。

fasten

hdf590 发表于 2012-9-7 09:33
7 K) r  @% @& \4 G" F这个真的不好说，建议先参照Fasten的NRTL来源以及美国的电工法以及对标准的理解。

大部分的标准里面非常清楚地说明了关键零部件的具体要求。

bisiwuyi

fasten 发表于 2012-9-9 15:26
UL自己出的每一个标准都会几乎都有这么一个章节或类似的章节：
9 P8 O0 s3 A- ^  o6 F
* N; V% u  X. Z6 V  G, R3 w4 OX.1 Except as indicated in 4X.2, a com ...

3 A0 a& m9 N. z% t具体整机参考的标准是参照UL目录和CCN来确定吗？谢谢啊

fasten

bisiwuyi 发表于 2012-9-9 18:02
具体整机参考的标准是参照UL目录和CCN来确定吗？谢谢啊

我非常怀疑你是否已经看懂了我的回复。

bisiwuyi

fasten 发表于 2012-9-9 19:46
3 ]4 J8 h9 B4 t; K, D我非常怀疑你是否已经看懂了我的回复。

我理解你的回复仅说明在标准里面有component of a product 的说明，即零部件可以从标准里面找到，但是关于product参考什么标准，好像没说啊？一开始肯定先要确定product standrand

fasten

bisiwuyi 发表于 2012-9-9 20:23
我理解你的回复仅说明在标准里面有component of a product 的说明，即零部件可以从标准里面找到，但是关于 ...

一方面是你的帖子含含糊糊，另一方面做认证的必须要举一反三才对，哪个标准都有Scope，Scope就是定义标准适用范围。换句话说就是什么产品应该满足这个标准，如UL499：
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1 Scope
; Y' O1 e4 ^8 t* q% c1.1 These requirements cover heating appliances rated at 600 V or less for use in unclassified locations
in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NEC), ANSI/NFPA 70.
' p1 {: F) S* j, {2 m( ^1.2 These requirements do not cover electric heating equipment or appliances that are covered by
individual requirements that are separate from this Standard.
1.3 For the purposes of this Standard, a heating appliance is defined as an electrically energized product
that directly or indirectly generates heat to perform its intended function.
1.4 These requirements also cover electrically energized products that generate steam for other than
& g3 {4 d* @, ~# w3 D6 Yspace heating purposes and have an electrical power rating of 15 kW or less per steam generating vessel.
1.5 Steam generating products of the type described in 1.4 having an electrical input power rating of more
than 15 kW per steam generating vessel are to be evaluated by the requirements in the Standard for
Heating, Water Supply, and Power Boilers – Electric, UL 834.
1.6 Each steam generating vessel in a multi-vessel unit shall comply with these requirements. The unit
shall also be provided with the marking in 47.37.