关于GB14536.1中全断开,微断开,微切断

limudan2003

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对于像温控器这样的有零\火\地极的,限温器只有零\火极,如何解释全断开,微断开,微切断,望有高手可以用通俗的语言帮忙解释一下,手上有这个标准,但是不能很好的理解,如何区分这三个.

大侠风清扬

全断开 英文为full disconnection，触点在断开后有距离和耐压要求，需要断开L/N但是不包括接地，多相的每相都要断开的。一般认为全断开后，被断开的回路可以触及。
微断开为micro disconnection， 没有距离要求但是耐压要求。一般用来作为main switch
微切断为 micro interruption， 没有距离要求也没有耐压要求，我理解一般用于电子触点吧。

ljh809809

IEC 61058-1中的定义：
! E: j7 ]1 \4 {( Ocl 3.4.5
( F; P1 t% {: H: T' w& m+ idisconnection: interruption of an electrical circuit in a pole so as to provide insulation between the supply and those parts intended to be disconnected from the supply
, }, V: a  S& u2 K; Y3.4.6
micro disconnection: disconnection that provides corrent functional performance by contact separation in the case of long-term temporary overvoltage
3.4.8
: @7 C0 E6 |, X/ C3 Hfull disconnection: disconnection that provides correct functional performance by contact separation in the case of short-term and long-term temporary overvoltage and impulse withstand voltage equivalent to basic insulation
% d3 P5 e* _+ }3.4.9
  `) t, B( t) R2 \all-pole disconnection: for sing-phase a.c. appliances and for d.c. appliances, a disconnection of both supply conductors substantially at the same time by a single switching action or, for appliances to be connecte to more than two supply conductiors, a disconnection of all supply conductors, except the earthed conductor substantially at the same time by a single switching action
- M7 E; c/ k7 N- `: N4 G; C/ tIEC 60730-1中的定义：
: y' o" P4 N( i5 F3 a5 Vcl 2.4.1
6 X4 C- |8 X, W. K/ Y; c all-pole disconnection（全极断开）: for single-phase a.c. appliances and for d.c. appliances, disconnection of both supply conductors by a single switching action or ,for appliances to be connected be connected to more than two supply conductors, disconnection of all supply conductors, except the earthed (grounded) conductor, by a single switching action.
[解读]：全极断开，此处”极“强调的是电源的极，即断开的电源线的极,除了地线以外的所有电源线均需要断开，结合下面cl2.4.2的定义，全极断开是有耐压和距离要求的：至少满足基本绝缘的要求。
例子：电源开关如果是同时断开零火线，就需要是全极断开。
cl 2..4.2
full-disconnection(完全断开）: contact separation in all supply poles other than earth so as to provide the equvalent of basic insulation between the supply mains and those parts intended to be disconnected.
. Y6 b: T3 y+ u# `3 xThere are electric strength and dimensional requirements.
where the number of poles on the control is equal to the number of supply poles of the appliances to which it is connect, full-disconnection provides all-pole disconnection.
7 ~  j  T0 c/ `5 Y; s7 j[解读]:完全断开是指控制器或者开关等具有通断功能的装置，其供电端有多少个极就需断开多少个极，并且断开后有耐压和距离的要求：至少满足基本绝缘的要求。
) F* B7 r) k& I  n特别是：当此开关装置的极与外部电源的极刚好一致，这时，完全断开就是全极断开。
例子：电源开关如果是只断开火线，也就是说只有火线接电源开关的触点，这时就是完全断开。
但如果此电源开关同时通断零火线，且耐压和距离都满足基本绝缘的要求。这种完全断开实际就是全极断开。
9 z2 E" q8 ?# u; ~2 Q  T7 lcl 2.4.3
, h7 _3 ~0 N6 X) Y$ rmicro-disconnection(微断开）: adequate contact separation in at least one pole so as to provide functional
, k5 r( z3 Q* G. \7 L. ^security.
There is a requirement for the electric strength of the contact gap but on dimensional requirement.
1 i* L. F) r" G8 Z6 fMicro-disconnection denotes that for non-sensing controls the function controlled by the disconnection is secure, and that for sensing controls is secure between the limits of activating quantity declared in requirement 36 of table 7.2.
[解读]：微断开有耐压的要求，但没有距离的要求。耐压要求是根据正常工作时加在触点上的工作电压决定，如IEC60335-1A2:2006 cl 19.13里有这么一段: after the operation or interruption of a control, clearance and creepage distances across the functional insulation shall withstand the electric strength test of 16.3, the test voltage, however, being twice the working voltage.即微断开后要承受两倍工作电压。
; _& A  v' E* u* A例子有thermostat, thermal cut-out, thermal link等。
main switch 不能用作微断开，因为它需要耐压和距离的要求。
cl 2.4.4
micro-interruption（微中断）: interruption of a circuit by contact separation, by a cycling action or by a non-cycling action which does not provide full-discconection or micro-disconnection.
There are no electric strength or dimensional requirements for the contact gap.
[解读]：微中断既没有耐压的要求也没有距离的要求，例子有电子开关的通断，功率开关管如mosfet在门极电压有无时的D－S极的通断等。