澳洲插头插座标准AS/NZS 3112中的问题点解释

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2 e# I7 H# V$ D7 {, R! y7 H) [% h2.2.4 Insulationof plug pins
0 L- s1 S6 l3 w% u  n* k( d7 }Plugs up to 15Acomplying with Figure 2.1(a), 2.1(c) or 2.1(f) (flat live pins) and of the insulated pin plug type do not need to comply with the R20.0±1mm requirements of  Figure 2.1(e).
问题：如何理解？

# [/ y/ B) I1 C- T& j; Z* B4 N1 X答：这段话应是标准的一个不足的地方。
因为根据标准，Plugs up to 15Acomplying with Figure 2.1(a), 2.1(c) or 2.1(f) (flat live pins) 已经包涵在 insulated pin plug type 中，
7 G6 j& g  m+ x且all insulated pin plug type do not need to comply with the R20.0±1mm requirements of  Figure 2.1(e)

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2.5.1 For rewireableplugs, the anchorage shall be effective for the range of flexible cords listedin Table 2.1, except where--
(a) there is aspecial aperture for the accommodation of only one type or size of flexible cord,a circular hole not being regarded as restricting the entry of cords having diameterssmaller than that of the hole;
  F8 B; M5 u1 Y' B! h9 ~问题：如何理解？

% q3 p7 V) a9 O! L答：把restricting 理解为permitting 即可。
1 L$ s3 `) C, s0 _5 z, p澳洲插头的anchorage，是用两个螺钉固定，并适合表2.1中的两种线径；不同线径，只需要松动或固紧螺钉即可。
7 G' W+ z+ d' X7 T9 x当只为某一特定线径或类型而设计的anchorage, 放置软线的圆形孔就不认为被允许可以接受比此圆形孔直径小的软线了。

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! ?  p) a* L% M$ b
) E! ~! W" \, w1 _3 r( c- AIn addition,except where the plug is specially designed to accept only parallel two-coreunsheathed flexible cord, the following shall apply to rewireable resilient andthermoplastic plugs of the type referred to in Figure 2.1(a) and Figure 2.1(b):
. v" S6 G/ d3 t/ ]3 D% w9 `: nTwo means ofcord grip shall be provided: one that anchors each insulated core by a pillar, post,grip, tortuous path or equally effective means; the second that grips or clampsthe sheathing of the flexible cord. Both means may be incorporated in onedevice.
问题：为什么只是Figure 2.1(a) and Figure 2.1(b)适合这种情况？
7 L' s# ]: v7 q7 B答：澳洲常用插头为figure 2.1(a), (b)和(c),而figure (c)为整体模压式即不可拆线式。所以只有Figure 2.1(a) and Figure 2.1(b)适合这种情况

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; e- V, e9 {0 L" ]9 T+ U4 U2.12.3 Additional requirements for rewireable plugs
A rewireableplug shall also be supplied with instructions detailing the following:
9 `% ^. q# a$ n! _$ u(c) Adescription of the method of connection of each conductor giving thepermissible
4 n+ N, P, O# d7 r6 M! _* Z2 Palternativecolours for the active, neutral and earthing conductors, respectively.
问题：earthing conductors除了用黄绿色，还能有其他的alternative colour?
, P: n8 U" T7 E# e; J; A# K  v( |# i答：
  `& h% T' B; g0 k* b: d确实L线，N线，PE各自都可以不是唯一的颜色。比如根据AS3100，PE线可以是黄绿色、绿色。
- L+ M3 I  ]: j, |' r2 n' v% g0 N# {L线，N线就更不用说了。

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2.12.6 Configuration of plugs
A plugconforming to Figure 2.1(a), Figure 2.1(c), Figure 2.1(f) or Figure 2.1(g)shall have its pins disposed so that, when the pins are correctly connected,the pin configuration, viewed as from the pins, shall be earth, neutral andactive in a clockwise direction.　
2 ~8 _: E2 D  y2 E  N问题：Figure (d)不适用这条吗？
/ {& J  G% {( T' z1 W5 Q- t. N答：
, U' O: [) z, S8 S, c9 u$ d! G& a( [因为Figure (d)的插头极少见，所以标准就没列入。我认为这可能是标准不严谨的地方。

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2.13.8 Temperature rise test
The plug shallbe tested in a draught-free environment at the centre of a plane wooden board,which shall be at least 6 + 2 mm thick, 500 mm wide and 500 mm long withthe rear completely enclosed in a wooden mounting enclosure (wall box) of 90×60×40 mm.
& c7 J- y! w1 ]) P0 H& UApertures in thewooden board for the plug pins to pass through are specified in Table 3.1,see Figure 2.9.
9 {5 @! D4 o1 ?2 S/ H4 j! j5 ~8 ?2 }问题：如何在木板上制作出满足插座插销的孔？
答：
本来是想象要在木质板上制作插座孔，尺寸难以达到。
今天看到实物。确实是在木板上开的插孔。只不过似乎此要板要么是如樟木质类的优质木材制作的，要么是木材经过固化处理过，表面颜色看起来是咖啡色。

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2 j/ [) ~1 V+ a* ~
4 s& t6 u$ J! l2.13.9.1Movement of pins
8 E  L- A- |* ]' }& ^4 u, bPlugs shall betested for pin movement by clamping the pin or pins not under test in a rigid　holding block positioned 5 ±0.5 mm from the plug face and applying a forceof 18 ±1 N to the pin under test.The design of the block shall be such that the pin under test shall not comeinto contact with the block during the test.
Except fornon-rewireable plugs, the test shall be carried out without a cord attached tothe plug, and with the terminal screws loosened sufficiently to allow a 1 mm2 conductor to be connected.
" `9 A- s7 g" p* k, nThe plug andtest equipment shall be preconditioned at a temperature of 40 ±1°C for 1 h,
. p+ c$ e6 Z8 W4 U5 E/ Y8 ^without the testforce applied. Throughout the test, all parts of the plug and test equipment shallbe maintained at this temperature.
! x4 K' ^8 N8 ^For all plugs,the point of application of the force shall be 14 ±0.5 mm from the face of the plug along the pins, and thedirection of the force shall be--
5 L1 N5 f; u, {2 @& i% N(a) in bothdirections along the line perpendicular to the plane of the pin, and passing throughthe centre of the pin; and
2 p0 g. A$ o* k) J(b) in thatplane in both directions along a line at right angles to that specified in Item(a).
: L& F$ E6 [4 o3 ?7 Y1 }Over a period of10 s, the force shall be gradually applied to each of the pins in the manner　prescribed in Items (a) and (b), maintained atits maximum value for 10 s, and then released. The deflection of the pins shallbe measured along the line of force relative to the face of the rigid holdingblock during the period when the force is applied. The maximum deflection shallnot exceed 2.0 mm.
问题：此条款的检测设备是什么样的？如何做检测？
答：
3 A9 m# U  ?$ [, R/ R看点主要是夹具。
不做测试的插销用一开槽并有螺钉的夹具固定。此夹具很小，大约30mm长，直径约8mm。
做测试的插销的夹具用一开槽并有螺钉的夹具固定，只不过是多了一个吊环，用于吊砝码。要特别注意，此测试整个过程是在环境温度40度的条件下进行，包括preconditon的1小时。
1 o, b; Y$ ]% f$ {$ x) p

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4 f" S& a3 o( k; o  i- e
1 t( A! X& s( \  T6 [! ~+ R4 Y2.13.9.2 Fixing of pins
A separate sample of a plug shall be heated to a temperature of 50 ±2°C for 1 h and maintained at that temperature during the whole of these tests, including the 5 min period after removal of the test load.
The plug shall be held firmly in such a manner that there will be no undue squeezing or distortion of the body, and the means of holding shall not assist in maintaining the pins in their original position.
# v: k- ?, }- Q8 y- AEach pin, in turn, shall have applied to it a force which, over a period of 10 s, shall be increased steadily to 60 ±0.6 N and held at this value for 10 min.
Two tests on each pin shall be conducted, one with the direction of force along the length of the pin towards the body of the plug, and the other with the direction of force along the length of the pin away from the body.
  h" Z0 m3 s" w3 D, ?* r) mThe attachment of pins shall be considered inadequate if any pin is displaced relative to the adjacent material of the body by more than 2.4 mm at any time during these tests, or if any pin fails to return to within 0.8 mm of its nominal length specified in Figure 2.1 within 5 min of the removal of the test force.
, t( N( A, a( r: z* m问题：此条款的检测设备是什么样的？如何做检测？
+ ^# X! N+ l: I8 A! b% O6 ?答：
& Z2 R2 N7 _# C% S0 X1 t该条的检测设备我也没看到。
0 U* h& @% B0 d& H( S- s8 `不过，我想可能是个施加压力和拉力的设备，可以调节压力和拉力。
+ M/ H/ S5 ?* I! ^  f* w1 m3 {先不施加力，将插头升温到50度并保持1个小时。再对插头的每个受测试插销施加60N的压力或拉力，测试10min。每次只对一个插销加压力或拉力。
这段解释只是我个人理解，没有见到实物设备。如果有同行有信息请交流。

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3.6.1 Pin entryapertures for plugs
NOTE: Anycontouring or shaping of a faceplate or socket-outlet face within 13.7 mm from anyedge of a live pin aperture, needs to be below the plane of the surfacesurrounding the pin apertures, but cannot be more than 3 mm below that plane.
问题：此处的最大3mm与Figure 3.3矛盾？
- g7 Z0 L2 C* R% I2 [答：
确实矛盾。
标准上应把figure 3.3中3.0mm min改为3.0mm max才对。这是标准上的一个小错误。

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3.6.3Socket-outlet faceplate
No part of thedevice, including any switch in any position, shall project more than 8.6 mm fromthe surface of the socket-outlet face within the shaded area of Figure 3.4.This requirement applies to all socket-outlets except those with special designfeatures, such as providing protection from dust, weather or mechanical damage.

8 \/ K2 J0 P* R3 z7 bIn case ofdoubt, to verify projections on the socket face do not interfere when a plug orplug in device is inserted, insert the gauge of Appendix D modified as follows,the dimension of the diameter 38 is changed to 43.2, this diameter becomes araised boss of 8.6 mm to stimulate a plug/plug in device. When inserted themodified gauge shall not interfere with any part of the device or switch.
问题：满足图3.4阴影部分的各边长为60mm,为何用直径为43.2mm的量规可以确定开关附件是不是满足标准？
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) ^4 x& i, z3 Z* `+ [# Q9 i! S答：
2 ]3 G8 a9 R) W. ~) j7 t. y是我开始理解有误。
% m; ]/ L8 W6 V/ {% k# ?: f% q段“There shall be ....”应该和段“In case of doubt, to verify....."一起阅读。即：直径为43.2的量规只是检验图3.4中的R21.6的区域，而不是阴影区域。

阴影区域用游标卡尺测量，检验此区域是否有高度超过8.6mm的部分。
( W( y( Q5 S9 q. r, T至于为什么是8.6mm，是因为插头的固定插销的凸起部分高度至少是8.6mm. 如果插头是插入非嵌入式插座，当阴影区域有部件的高度高于8.6mm时，就会出现插头不能完全插入插座的情况。