关于GB14536.1中全断开,微断开,微切断

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对于像温控器这样的有零\火\地极的,限温器只有零\火极,如何解释全断开,微断开,微切断,望有高手可以用通俗的语言帮忙解释一下,手上有这个标准,但是不能很好的理解,如何区分这三个.

大侠风清扬

全断开 英文为full disconnection，触点在断开后有距离和耐压要求，需要断开L/N但是不包括接地，多相的每相都要断开的。一般认为全断开后，被断开的回路可以触及。
微断开为micro disconnection， 没有距离要求但是耐压要求。一般用来作为main switch
$ t( w; D+ l, S微切断为 micro interruption， 没有距离要求也没有耐压要求，我理解一般用于电子触点吧。

ljh809809

IEC 61058-1中的定义：
cl 3.4.5
1 U2 d$ O- B: [+ J& V! L- Qdisconnection: interruption of an electrical circuit in a pole so as to provide insulation between the supply and those parts intended to be disconnected from the supply
3.4.6
micro disconnection: disconnection that provides corrent functional performance by contact separation in the case of long-term temporary overvoltage
$ k; p$ v1 ~: u! ?: O9 |3.4.8
full disconnection: disconnection that provides correct functional performance by contact separation in the case of short-term and long-term temporary overvoltage and impulse withstand voltage equivalent to basic insulation
3.4.9
  M, d- v8 {$ x3 Dall-pole disconnection: for sing-phase a.c. appliances and for d.c. appliances, a disconnection of both supply conductors substantially at the same time by a single switching action or, for appliances to be connecte to more than two supply conductiors, a disconnection of all supply conductors, except the earthed conductor substantially at the same time by a single switching action
7 L0 I3 m8 z5 KIEC 60730-1中的定义：
cl 2.4.1
all-pole disconnection（全极断开）: for single-phase a.c. appliances and for d.c. appliances, disconnection of both supply conductors by a single switching action or ,for appliances to be connected be connected to more than two supply conductors, disconnection of all supply conductors, except the earthed (grounded) conductor, by a single switching action.
[解读]：全极断开，此处”极“强调的是电源的极，即断开的电源线的极,除了地线以外的所有电源线均需要断开，结合下面cl2.4.2的定义，全极断开是有耐压和距离要求的：至少满足基本绝缘的要求。
例子：电源开关如果是同时断开零火线，就需要是全极断开。
* ^# i5 A  R6 s0 A( L3 g# ycl 2..4.2
5 @) j* d3 ~( B( n% q  gfull-disconnection(完全断开）: contact separation in all supply poles other than earth so as to provide the equvalent of basic insulation between the supply mains and those parts intended to be disconnected.
0 T3 l6 u8 h8 XThere are electric strength and dimensional requirements.
" K! }& d8 B. |4 ]where the number of poles on the control is equal to the number of supply poles of the appliances to which it is connect, full-disconnection provides all-pole disconnection.
4 P: s# c8 U2 \) A6 ]5 M[解读]:完全断开是指控制器或者开关等具有通断功能的装置，其供电端有多少个极就需断开多少个极，并且断开后有耐压和距离的要求：至少满足基本绝缘的要求。
特别是：当此开关装置的极与外部电源的极刚好一致，这时，完全断开就是全极断开。
- y% a. c* E; c+ C例子：电源开关如果是只断开火线，也就是说只有火线接电源开关的触点，这时就是完全断开。
- \; h2 e- e4 A  h- H" e但如果此电源开关同时通断零火线，且耐压和距离都满足基本绝缘的要求。这种完全断开实际就是全极断开。
cl 2.4.3
0 ?+ Q  @1 a. A' O' gmicro-disconnection(微断开）: adequate contact separation in at least one pole so as to provide functional
security.
2 f" G/ H7 ^" F$ a; E( AThere is a requirement for the electric strength of the contact gap but on dimensional requirement.
4 j9 [! Q: l  ZMicro-disconnection denotes that for non-sensing controls the function controlled by the disconnection is secure, and that for sensing controls is secure between the limits of activating quantity declared in requirement 36 of table 7.2.
2 B5 r' w( i) T' {# V4 c[解读]：微断开有耐压的要求，但没有距离的要求。耐压要求是根据正常工作时加在触点上的工作电压决定，如IEC60335-1A2:2006 cl 19.13里有这么一段: after the operation or interruption of a control, clearance and creepage distances across the functional insulation shall withstand the electric strength test of 16.3, the test voltage, however, being twice the working voltage.即微断开后要承受两倍工作电压。
例子有thermostat, thermal cut-out, thermal link等。
main switch 不能用作微断开，因为它需要耐压和距离的要求。
3 E, U2 c( Q- j' w4 }4 u2 Qcl 2.4.4
micro-interruption（微中断）: interruption of a circuit by contact separation, by a cycling action or by a non-cycling action which does not provide full-discconection or micro-disconnection.
There are no electric strength or dimensional requirements for the contact gap.
7 r* i5 d0 h/ V2 c6 e4 h2 X[解读]：微中断既没有耐压的要求也没有距离的要求，例子有电子开关的通断，功率开关管如mosfet在门极电压有无时的D－S极的通断等。