加拿大标准里的一个问题

peterxu

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我在看加拿大标准CRC C.931里第4点说包装的厚度最少为0.75ml,不知道这个ml是什么单位呢?如何换算成其他单位呢?谢谢
  呵呵，搞懂了,ml是mili inch的意思..也就是千分之一英寸,大概就是0.019mm的厚度....
" R0 k7 e! @; s" A1 ]9 U) G   新的问题又来了。...

* P0 o, V# H6 L& V( j6 {8 f1 S. Q就是  C.R.C., C. 931里每条都说出自paragraph 13(a) of Part II of Schedule I,但我去Hazardous Products Acts里看13条里只有a,b,但是CRC里却引13(q),是不是我看错地方了呢?
9 J& y; O9 j7 F+ i  另外加拿大的标准里只讲了要求,测试方法是不是就是下面的SOR/91-267,s.2呢??哪里能找到这些测试方法呢?花钱买吗???谢谢了

DOCTORO

0.75ml
, ~; `- J: \8 [2 z% s. _2 m0.75千分之一 英寸

peterxu

是的，就是這樣理解，謝謝樓上的兄弟，問一下法規裡的SOR/91-267,s.2是什麼呢?該去哪裡找呢？？
' r# u" k: r8 x- i7 h  比如這樣說，該用什麼方法去測塑料包裝的厚度呢？加拿大標准裡有沒有指定的方法呢？謝謝

Jason-PAN

楼主是看错了，Schedule I是在标准的后面部分的（相当于附录），Part I 列出的是禁止物品，Part II列出的是管制物品

peterxu

後面的附錄部分我也看過，沒有找到13(a)，也沒有找到Part I和Part II,謝謝

Jason-PAN

楼主，直接复给你好了，不知怎样在回复中上传文件，又怕重复上传
13. Toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play that
(a) are packaged in flexible film bags;
. z! \/ f/ K$ M% Y(b) are operated electrically;
7 X0 ?2 x' Z! p- a% Z(c) are or are likely to be used by a child of less than three years of age and have a component that is separable;
6 i; ?! r$ R/ e" I) h: x(d) have exposed metal edges;
(e) have embedded in them a wire frame or structure;
(f) are made, in whole or in part, of plastic that would, on breaking, expose sharp edges;
; N5 l$ }4 H0 T$ K6 T9 a8 j: J(g) have exposed wooden surfaces, edges or corners;
4 U8 ]) N3 W  y$ o(h) are made, in whole or in part, of glass;
0 B3 D* O3 |- T(i) have fasteners used in their construction;
(j) have a folding mechanism, bracket or bracing;
(k) contain, as an integral part, a spring-wound driving mechanism capable of injuring a child’s finger, other than construction toys;
(l) contain a projectile component, other than a rocketry component, capable of causing a puncture wound;
(m) are so designed and constructed that they
(i) are large enough for a child to enter or be placed therein, and
7 D2 w& S- s5 V! V- R  r& Y4 F- }) V9 h* t(ii) can be closed by a lid or door;
(n) are stationary and intended to bear the weight of a child;
(o) contain a surface, part or substance that during reasonably foreseeable use will or may become heated;
(p) contain a toxic substance other than a toxic substance named in item 8 of Part I of this Schedule;
(q) contain a corrosive substance, irritant or sensitizer; or
(r) are or are likely to be used by a child of less than three years of age and are made of or contain any plastic material.
14. Dolls, plush (raised fibre) toys and soft toys that have
(a) a fastening in them to attach parts, clothing or ornamentation;
4 y. d$ L$ A2 c2 c# ^(b) any stuffing in them;
(c) eyes or a nose the greatest dimension of which is 32 mm (1 1/4 inches) or less;
(d) an outer covering consisting in whole or in part of a flat or raised fibre textile material or natural fur;
(e) exposed surfaces consisting in whole or in part of yarn of spun staple or bulked continuous filament form;
- p  o( s0 Q! N  p' q- i+ q4 ?(f) hair or mane, or simulated hair or simulated mane, consisting of material other than yarn described in paragraph (e); or
(g) a squeaker, reed, valve or similar device.
5 t4 o0 i8 W. }15. Pull and push toys that have shaft-like handles that are 10 mm (3/8 inch) or less in diameter.
" P8 z, D8 Z. b, `16. Toy steam engines.
17. Finger paints.
# D3 }$ J) N* U  I18. Rattles.
1 @+ j) D. m! R2 C" O19. Elastics intended for attaching toys, equipment or other products for use by a child in learning or play across a baby carriage, crib or playpen.
20. Batteries for use in or with any toy, equipment or other product for use by a child in learning or play.
7 p. a( z1 b& G3 O20.1 Glazed ceramics and glassware.

peterxu

非常感謝樓上的兄弟。。。我可以很肯定在
Hazardous Products (Toys) Regulations (C.R.C., c. 931)
裡沒有找到這句話，不知道你是在哪裡看的到呢？可以上傳嗎？以下是我看到的，看來我們看的不是同一份標准，謝謝你了 !!!!
: m( j1 E* C4 c, V4 b1 w' @4 E    SCHEDULE I
# R) c1 w' S# {" s
, F2 k% |9 K5 b. h  K+ q/ {        (ss. 10 and 14)
" a1 G% {7 h) V6 y. A1 M
/ x; Y4 l- ?0 N0 n2 u4 G  kPERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF TOXICITY
8 c' i1 G4 S3 ]8 {5 s
1. (1) For the purposes of paragraphs 10(c) and 14(c) of the Regulations, a substance shall be considered excessively toxic for humans if
3 }% \5 U6 o8 ]# ~5 J- H. w(a) the acute oral LD50 value thereof for rat is 5 grams or less per kilogram body weight;
$ K. L5 O$ E' n  H" i9 O- `
9 ?/ T1 e% v6 ]$ X0 o% E(b) the acute dermal LD50 value for rabbit is 2 grams or less per kilogram body weight; and

(c) where gas, vapour, mist or dust is likely to be encountered when the substance is used in any reasonably foreseeable manner, the LC50 value thereof for a one-hour exposure determined using rats, is 20,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor or less, or 200 milligrams per litre by volume of mist or dust or less.

(2) LD50 values are to be determined in conformity with good toxicological practice.

(3) The number of deaths during a 14-day period following dosage shall be used as the basis for calculation of the LD50 value.

  M* t; Y3 k$ {" R8 q6 v(4) Sufficient animals shall be used to give a statistically significant result, which result shall be calculated using methods based upon good statistical practice.
& P8 F0 f& p7 Y* @. _6 u
(5) The methods used by C. I. Bliss (1938) and J. T. Litchfield and W. F. Wilcoxon (1949) are acceptable but other methods giving similar results may also be accepted.

2 I" w$ v1 W( z8 v7 w, n9 p
+ B* a4 s$ t& l! y2 b; T3 z2. The dermal LD50 value shall be determined in the following manner:
In the acute exposures the agent is held in contact with the skin by means of a sleeve for periods varying up to 24 hours. The sleeve, made of rubber dam or other impervious material, is so constructed that the ends are reinforced with additional strips and should fit snugly around the trunk of the animal. The ends of the sleeve are tucked, permitting the central portion to “balloon” and furnish a reservoir for the dose. The reservoir must have sufficient capacity to contain the dose without pressure. The dimensions of sleeves and the approximate body surface exposed to the test substance are given in the following table:
; v$ r. t# j3 d' f. L- ^- E
# i7 T* ?. t$ Q8 l) tDIMENSIONS OF SLEEVES FOR ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY TEST

(Test Animal Rabbits)

% b+ s7 ~! i. m6 i7 N- y
7 h: _: P  r  }, s% A8 l/ V
Measurements in centimetres     Average
! P( B1 L+ d4 v, t( K) G5 J- BRange of Average percentage
3 n# S1 N1 |9 s3 u( x! a    weight of area of of total
/ F$ B2 W, U" W6 N8 G6 LDiameter  Overall  animals exposure body
at ends length (grams) (cm.2) surface
7.0 12.5 2,500 — 3,500 240 10.7
; ^9 o) k. [5 X" E3 p

4 Z; i' _. t' k- P
The sleeves may vary in size to accommodate smaller or larger subjects. In the testing of unctuous materials that adhere readily to the skin, mesh wire screen may be employed instead of the sleeve. The screen is padded and raised approximately 2 centimetres from the exposed skin. In the case of dry powder preparations, the skin and substance are moistened with physiological saline prior to exposure. The sleeve or screen is then slipped over the gauze which holds the dose applied to the skin. In the case of finely divided powders the measured dose is evenly distributed on cotton gauze, which is then secured to the area of exposure.
/ }, z8 V6 Q+ Q# v" l: V) V
8 O1 l# s3 c. S* lThe animals are prepared by clipping the skin of the trunk free of hair. Approximately one half of the animals are further prepared by making epidermal abrasions every 2 centimetres or 3 centimetres longitudinally over the area of exposure. The abrasions are sufficiently deep to penetrate the stratum corneum (horny layer of the epidermis), but not to disturb the derma — that is, not to obtain bleeding.
; Y% w+ w- W3 h
The sleeve is slipped onto the animal, that is then placed in a comfortable but immobilized position in a multiple animal holder. Selected doses of liquids and solutions are introduced under the sleeve. If there is slight leakage from the sleeve, which may occur during the first few hours of exposure, it is collected and reapplied. Dosage levels are adjusted in subsequent exposures (if necessary) to enable a calculation of a dose that would be fatal to 50 per cent of the animals. This can be determined from mortality ratios obtained at various doses employed. At the end of 24 hours the sleeves or screens are removed, the volume of unabsorbed material, if any, is measured, and the skin reactions are noted. The subjects are cleaned by thorough wiping, observed for gross symptoms of poisoning, and then observed for two weeks.
1 i, D% ^" e( C
4 E- J; G7 F5 y1 Q4 X3. For the purposes of this schedule, “LD50" means the dose that will kill 50 per cent of test animals under the specified conditions of test; and “LC50" means the concentration of gas and vapour that will kill 50 per cent of test animals under the specified conditions of test.
$ f# Z' v- A9 S; o+ w
4. The methods referred to in subsection 1(5) are described in publications as follows:
(a) C.I. Bliss, The determination of the dosage-mortality curve from small numbers, Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1939, Volume 11, page 192; and
; _: N9 Z/ w9 v" l4 K7 x/ h
(b) J.T. Litchfield and W.F. Wilcoxon, A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1949, Volume 96, page 99.

Jason-PAN

因为这个玩具法规引用的是Hazardous Products Act H-3这个法案的条款啊~~

peterxu

谢谢楼上的兄弟,终于搞明白怎么回事了...呵呵我好好看看这个法案,那是不是所有的检测行都是看这个法案做的加拿大标准呢?写

jackypang

謝謝指點，還真沒有仔細看呀。