标题: EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 [打印本页] 作者: tanger 时间: 2009-4-27 13:11 标题: EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008作者: eastnan 时间: 2009-4-27 17:33
为什么内容不全呢？作者: DOCTORO 时间: 2009-4-28 00:01
内容不全的话意义不大作者: brian3439 时间: 2009-4-29 23:14
PR A8主要内容+ O& J) d& ]1 R% l! D, s2 W
9 _ M+ l R5 \. k' L8 E8 {8 N 4 b- B" H6 l6 B' e' [ # Y7 n9 `$ u; W* F! K/ v1 @! z. b: t+ F9 ~. |
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)3 U: U7 N6 m7 l1 A& g% w
2 + i+ L* W" @: e5 f+ g( h2 SContents Page / O; y9 j6 u) e! ^- e+ KForeword.............................................................................................................................................................3 , Q8 I& B5 q; w: f5 u: f; H5 W) p- I3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................4 $ c: M. S. [2 v" Q$ |$ ^4.23 Magnets (see A.51) ...............................................................................................................................41 p' }# s, m3 J
4.23.1 General...................................................................................................................................................42 z. X/ S, d* {. z! i
4.23.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets.....................................................................4/ v/ j; F( G; K' z
4.23.3 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets .................................................................................................4 % H+ N; n8 ~- W) _+ D7.20 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets (see 4.23 and A.51) ...............................................................5/ W8 l9 H( K7 ]7 \3 F L6 A2 g
8.34 Tension test for magnets (see A.51)....................................................................................................5+ H+ `- S- Q- O o3 v3 A2 u
8.34.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................5- q0 S* z# |# H5 E- w
8.34.2 Toys that contain more than one magnet or magnetic component .................................................5 - E$ b; N0 O. n" a. M7 a& H8.34.3 Toys that contain one magnet only .....................................................................................................5# D! b3 T% k# m. d, ^% i/ F
8.35 Magnetic flux index...............................................................................................................................6* p% r# Z, m2 h- O/ T0 T3 T
8.35.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................6 ) b1 G$ h Y' y8.35.2 Apparatus ..............................................................................................................................................6 ! b2 J# T+ ]$ g4 }9 p4 |! Z. S8.35.3 Procedure ..............................................................................................................................................6 + S8 A& k' o% @. |; z1 G) f8.35.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index ......................................................................................................68 \" m6 ?) A9 E6 T; h& i
A.51 Magnets (see 4.23)................................................................................................................................7 . Q: F* ]& S1 H$ o. U$ ?* u& l, jEN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) # N; Y/ w5 N0 d& |5 [0 }! YForeword 9 c# c P* g& ~" Q/ d2 vThis document EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 52 “Safety of, Y& ]# `; @9 p( E, ~
toys”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. " y6 P9 e6 ^$ l* ?) }" a. vThis document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. . r* ^3 \5 i8 `' @' A. ?( NThis document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the 6 R, \3 n* i7 X1 \) K xEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s)." |% P# Z' I* D+ b* R, G
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.8 s4 O. u! @( y0 z7 i$ R
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E), ?, u4 c; [( ]9 h* Z" F: ~
4 3 x4 a7 S6 q6 \& X* R/ Z3 Terms and definitions 8 f$ Q8 Y# |! H/ U P" gAdd new definitions:0 v2 {7 r {; I2 s' G# V
3.xx( g& Y. o- ^. ?8 e0 Y
magnetic component& c& T6 G; H" ]8 I! X
any part of a toy which contains an attached or fully or partially enclosed magnet 8 ^8 g% j: o. D! p, d3.yy 4 U0 ~; v0 c1 \/ z* v6 ]magnetic/electrical experimental set 8 A2 U+ r% R ]3 c* ctoy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational experiments involving magnetism , v$ \' o2 V% L; g+ Xand electricity ' i4 H, U. }" mNOTE - This definition does not include magnetic/electrical experimental sets in which all magnets have a magnetic flux - a ?! [' K b8 nindex less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or do not fit entirely in the6 t8 U3 R" a) y0 ?$ X
cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder) ! m: ], U) M8 U8 I! ]. c2 q% y& e3.zz" w7 o3 a3 N7 H( v! V) v
functional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys: i9 E9 x, H4 a4 h
any magnet necessary for the function of motors, relays, speakers and other electrical or electronic 2 {4 z8 W3 m% Z6 _1 Ecomponents in a toy where the magnetic properties are not part of the play pattern of the toy 9 f/ ^& [1 i5 E1 cAdd new clauses:" c. e( L; f% @& s, U' T! ^3 `
4.23 Magnets (see A.51)% l# g% ^6 [0 t( ?$ d$ G/ @9 @0 B4 o
4.23.1 General . }7 |$ G+ B9 W% B5 J% TThe requirements in 4.23.2 do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys. " ?7 ]1 o) J- B! V \& s) [3 \2 {9 E5 [9 Y4.23.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets6 t6 @3 g: d. y: W T
a) Any loose as-received magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) shall either have a magnetic flux index& O9 R; M8 C+ y! c4 V7 h' {
less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit 0 u0 j" |& l" k& N* e# d qentirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder).+ ]+ B/ [" X4 f- Y
b) Any magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) that become(s) released from a toy when tested & A6 [: K9 ~3 Naccording to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.4.2.2 (tension test, seams and: ~2 @9 [" i! c6 c
materials), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test), 8.8 (compression test), and finally, for magnets that are 4 S; s* I3 l, V2 D6 raccessible but not grippable (as specified in 8.4.1.3), 8.34 (tension test for magnets), shall either have% O# ^* w1 W3 L N) @7 Y5 q0 @! p
a magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux 3 @+ W0 |+ w* }, findex), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder). 1 B' e' v& }" K3 G- w! R0 {5 rNOTE – An example of a magnet that is accessible but not grippable could be a magnet that is recessed.6 m! Y8 y' d) N: E0 [/ y; O1 r' w0 b
c) Wooden toys, toys intended to be used in water, and mouth-actuated toys shall be tested according to K8 A0 u7 Z" d9 ]1 z% K8.9 (soaking test) before being tested according to 4.23.2 b) above.$ @1 V# b; m2 O1 @5 Y4 u- T7 G
4.23.3 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets3 I7 |- p% ^+ Z
Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years shall carry a warning (see 7.20). I# ]( A6 l9 X; z( D/ DEN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)1 C) e7 M4 l* q
Add a new clause: - M- V$ q8 _# X( z/ Q# R- X7.20 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets (see 4.23 and A.51)1 H. ?0 u2 V$ P- Z) n; Y
The packaging and the instructions for use of magnetic/electrical experimental sets shall carry the following* \% [- p. n2 H( o
warning: : e! i, _6 m3 R; N) g0 ? o“WARNING! Not suitable for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small magnets(s). + p% P' d# m8 K) qSwallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious injuries. Seek immediate 1 v, u! Y- I" \# \medical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed”. # ?4 F& L @# u7 \ J7 V4 l$ V/ xAdd new clauses:5 @; q: Z) X8 R! m4 }2 g" X
8.34 Tension test for magnets (see A.51)( n# F! \: p9 [, e) U5 t* |
8.34.1 Principle * W! t* R+ ?& ^" [8 f3 A+ qEither a magnet or a magnetic component, or a reference disc, is used in order to test whether an accessible 9 K. c/ y$ J; R7 E* z$ S1 E4 W U7 jbut not grippable magnet in the toy can be detached by a magnetic pulling force.# T0 i9 A* G9 R/ }* p8 i# K
The test shall simulate the intended or a reasonably foreseeable play pattern. 5 j3 j8 I' d, i; i" r8.34.2 Toys that contain more than one magnet or magnetic component# L1 r0 r; d/ D# e, j) y @
Identify the magnet or magnetic component in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach the magnet that is 5 H4 ^" U/ H/ Q, p* mto be subjected to the tension test. ' R) V& a& y4 x6 [& b6 c5 h# ~Without damaging the toy, place the magnet or magnetic component as close as possible to the magnet to be 9 O q9 o$ u9 \4 O* R- \! R Etested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the magnet/magnetic component until it separates from the tested 5 B5 B. O( m% O2 ~/ h: Vmagnet or until the magnet is detached from the toy. Perform the test 10 times. 5 n/ ?% r' g% c ARepeat the procedure for any other magnet that according to 4.23.2 shall be subjected to the tension test for Y- }; e: o' G* R1 Umagnets.' W3 m* w# ?" D+ X( U) P
NOTE – If it is not possible to determine which magnet or magnetic component(s) in the toy that is most likely to be able to6 r/ m; e# P; ~' P: ^9 p( m
detach the magnet that is to be subjected to the test, it is permissible to repeat the test with another magnet or magnetic/ F* r: ?$ o0 N( h1 V @' N$ H
component from the toy.' K) _7 H* k. p4 R
8.34.3 Toys that contain one magnet only* C& g0 w: s, e N
8.34.3.1 Apparatus 2 L/ z% z$ a; T, _# O' Q4 nA nickel disc with a minimum nickel content of 99 %, and having the following minimum dimensions: + Z3 Q7 k7 _* D" V" p- diameter (30 ± 0,5) mm / f: U0 [& T% h& M- length (10 ± 0,5) mm2 z1 c' D; {3 X
and having a surface roughness Ra according to EN ISO 4287 which is not greater than 0,40 μm.7 W, S% q7 l# T% n* }
8.34.3.2 Procedure ' g% b8 ]1 H$ V/ D0 R. aWithout damaging the toy, place the flat part of the nickel disc as close as possible to the magnet to be tested.3 U! {3 g+ }" v7 m7 F
Gradually apply a pulling force to the disc until it separates from the magnet or until the magnet is detached p9 L3 F H/ H. o" [! w) h8 N& v
from the toy. Perform the test 10 times.0 p0 {6 Y2 F, o d+ ?6 R, C# I6 ^
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) 9 k. ?0 V5 p$ `: E. U6 : S; u% g s' H+ v% x9 |5 V) ~+ M- ?8.35 Magnetic flux index. j4 U9 B: s9 Z( w, U
8.35.1 Principle: h6 V: V/ H' J4 H2 ]
The magnetic flux index is calculated based on the results from measurements of the flux density and the pole ( A ~9 t1 @4 G) _$ q( H! z4 Ssurface area.. \! P! B! b8 f% [8 X
8.35.2 Apparatus 9 s5 c9 c% W! [7 }$ f6 f8.35.2.1 Direct current field Gauss meter which is capable of determining the field to an accuracy of 5 G.: g$ w: e1 J: [. r# g$ R! i0 S2 o4 W
The meter shall have an axial type probe with" e4 }4 I- Y% F* b3 {, g
- an active area diameter of (0,76 ± 0,13) mm 6 H5 q {- w) X- a distance between the active area and probe tip of (0,38 ± 0,13) mm. : n3 Z" b, O6 S' S8.35.2.2 Calliper square or similar device capable of determining dimensions to an accuracy of 0,1 mm. 5 Y0 n G! m1 }# f! z7 A" r' u8.35.3 Procedure 2 l5 Z) Q- \: ?3 W, H& |8.35.3.1 Measurement of flux density* j0 x/ E( w; O* v
Place the tip of the Gauss meter’s probe in contact with the pole surface of the magnet. For a magnetic : G8 ^4 ? p6 P9 _8 q$ Ccomponent (where the magnet is fully or partially imbedded in part of the toy), place the tip of the probe in2 @( k6 q; L9 r1 ~- @
contact with the surface of the component. - |5 n$ o T! s1 Y# iMaintain the probe in a position perpendicular to the surface.( b7 v& T3 f1 i) E' I5 V/ ^- |
Move the probe across the surface to locate the maximum flux density.* [1 A9 R, P, Z3 s$ R1 t7 k
Record the maximum flux density with an accuracy of ± 5 G. 3 ^4 C0 l9 `- F& A' M8.35.3.2 Measurement and calculation of the pole surface area: B3 t: v1 D5 x8 ]
If the magnet is imbedded/attached as part of a magnetic component, extract the magnet from the component 3 D! f: d3 C9 ?: Peven if it is necessary to break the toy. 3 I, v+ X+ u# h4 OIf the pole is not flat (for example, hemispherical), measure the maximum diameter of the magnet 3 I, T9 q& Z$ j% A( uperpendicular to an axis through the magnet poles (see Figure xx), with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and9 Q- C" E5 w" F+ a
calculate the area of the corresponding cross-section. : {; U/ e2 s7 i, L7 eIf the pole surface of the magnet is flat, measure the dimensions with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate 4 z9 M, B' d, Vthe area using the appropriate geometric formula. ) ^0 R" U$ v( ^. T# `+ V$ IFor multi-pole magnets measure and calculate the area of the largest single pole, which can be identified 6 b# N! } V/ U# ~' Z; e* u* Z; m- @using magnetic field viewing film or equivalent. Q& @# [$ Y: u9 A
NOTE – An example of multi-pole magnet is a rubberized/plastoferrite magnet, consisting of multiple strips of( d2 P D1 O5 {8 X& W% N+ }
poles. : i1 \7 e0 E7 t( [! |8.35.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index 1 q: ]0 [1 P) v/ S) l' o& C0 yThe flux index (kG2# j/ Q0 M' E' K' U& ~0 X
mm2) is calculated by multiplying the calculated area of the pole surface (mm2) of the' |+ A; ]7 B3 z: J; @ f7 g" e
magnet by the square of the maximum flux density (kG2). 4 }/ `0 u/ P! z. |4 G" ` GEN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) 8 X# F, F% m+ b2 |% X# U$ NKey - _* e2 I6 K7 }" J; Y1 Maximum cross-section perpendicular to the axis9 F A4 j7 I+ s a( e, C+ s( A$ e
2 Axis through the magnet poles 1 T* D" Z7 l% \2 d* pFigure xx – Maximum diameter of magnet with a non-flat pole $ Y+ _: Q, V7 M0 {3 k ^Add new clause in Annex A3 D0 m- a; T, d2 v7 n! S
A.51 Magnets (see 4.23) 9 {- i* ^$ L9 s4 w# x$ }These requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with ingestion of strong magnets (e.g. & a9 T* A8 h9 }# D8 b2 |neodymium iron boron type magnets), that are capable of causing intestinal perforation or blockage. These; w2 t& H7 G; g; B2 ]
hazards are additional to those associated with small parts such as suffocation or asphyxiation (see A.26). : |: L: g# D3 t% _/ f$ Z3 y# M/ z n+ s' @The requirements apply regardless of the intended age of the user. 2 T& t; P. |4 [6 pMagnets found by children can be ingested. If more than one magnet, or one magnet and a ferromagnetic $ q& l0 c! z* R6 `- P' Iobject (for example iron or nickel) is ingested, the objects can attract to each other across intestinal walls and7 }1 n, M- Q2 V- O8 \9 n
cause perforation or blockage, which can cause severe injuries that may be fatal." o+ B9 c; `1 S
Several accidents, including one fatality, have been reported involving ingestion of magnets resulting in " `- @5 H! s3 U3 e7 @: l9 iperforation or blockage of the intestines. Most accidents have occurred with children between the ages of 10) o b9 D; `" ?/ T; Y) E
months and 8 years. The majority of the accidents involve strong magnets used in magnetic building sets and: p' F! ?$ Z' ]6 H) ~ n
in several cases surgery was required to remove the magnets from children’s intestines. Medical signs) @1 @$ _; f) R' E; B8 l
associated with intestinal perforation or blockage can easily be misinterpreted since many children exhibit only% I4 N" b$ }0 z" M9 u+ {6 M
flu-like symptoms.) o2 z0 r4 {. {8 C0 F0 R. T: N# |
For the purpose of this standard, magnets or magnetic components that could be ingested are identified by : |5 |. I9 T; n0 L. n; j3 g7 nusing the small parts cylinder. The small parts cylinder was originally designed for identification of small parts Q8 F K1 B; v! S8 h6 U' v+ O5 @, qin toys intended for children under 3 years, which are capable of causing suffocation or asphyxiation. It was" P9 j: \! P: t" |+ b) t7 c
not designed for identifying objects that can be ingested by older children. The decision to use the small parts+ W& M2 b: Y# s1 j* I6 i! @2 S) H
cylinder also for assessment of magnets or magnetic components that can be ingested was made for practical) ?1 A( f. k& [! w
and precautionary reasons: The cylinder is a well known test template and it provides a safety margin since 4 i, X$ Z" O% f( b# othe magnets and magnetic components that have caused accidents all fit entirely in the cylinder with a large( Q/ s/ ~( S) M. b& v
margin. The same principle has been applied in the requirements for expanding material. ( u3 h' G$ U/ }# Q( L9 @$ f$ b0 mThe risk of magnets attracting each other across intestinal walls is reduced with decreasing magnet strength. 1 _7 h! H% L% P+ |1 n, _/ B$ e0 SA limit value in the form of a magnetic flux index has therefore been introduced to define what a sufficiently) z( h( z8 S7 H' C& t
weak magnet is. Accident data indicate that only powerful magnets have been involved in all known ingestion + y) }8 Q# A9 ?! \8 V% F& q# \; rincidents to date. The data also suggest that magnet ingestion was not a problem in toys until powerful% z6 X# Q; \, J. I& T: F4 A: ?
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)2 l" w- f5 F* p: h+ D
8 b% v5 Z4 b% r
magnets (such as neodymium iron boron magnets) became cost effective and commonplace several years 1 J3 E( w7 N# pago. Ceramic, rubberized, and ferrite magnets have substantially lower attractive forces. A limit value for the 7 p U1 t1 n$ |" Y _magnetic flux index of 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) is considered appropriate to ensure, with a safety margin, that# {- ]2 ~. G$ J: i: N+ z
powerful magnets of the type that have been involved in incidents will not be permitted for use in toys if they fit 6 x+ M) X- E8 [5 z7 i/ q8 e8 } bentirely in the small parts cylinder. The one known fatality occurred with a magnet from a magnetic building2 D2 s. Z" S# X' e4 r
set with a flux index of 343 kG2mm2 (3,4 T2mm2). By introducing the flux index limit the risk of injuries with, x% W Q0 M) k3 y4 O
magnets has been minimised. New data in the future will be used to assess if the chosen requirements are) k* B- z+ H8 |
still appropriate.2 i& d% A! S/ e. S2 h
More than 80 % of the known accidents have occurred with magnetic building sets. Magnetic building sets are5 y% ?# z3 ~3 @$ O3 d, W
subject to the requirements in this standard. ' s7 |; Y9 }, U1 k! rOther considerations were taken into account in evaluating the risks associated with ingestion of magnets.! Y4 j3 d# Y6 \% X' o8 m
Perforation of intestinal walls can occur if the blood supply to a part of an intestinal wall is cut off, for example + d2 M# c& H* Vby the pressure exerted by two magnets that are attracted to each other across the walls. According to a7 `6 X7 t! q5 g2 N* U
theoretical medical study, a pressure of 0,0016 N/mm2 (12 mmHg) could, in a worst-case situation, cause! h5 k4 F( {$ U; _
such a cut off of the blood supply. Virtually all magnets on the market are capable of producing this level of : {6 X$ F. k/ [0 d: y9 R: rpressure.. U& o) s9 }$ P" T
The probability that two weak magnets (flux index below 50) will be transported through the intestinal system 0 W U9 Y. z# z1 |5 I% z2 {. Gand end up on opposite sides of the intestinal walls at a position where the intestinal wall is extremely thin is - n- {! i8 F9 D# a& O" sconsidered to be very low. It would require not only that the two magnets are ingested on different occasions9 F' u- [' G* m* W" N
but also that the intestinal contents do not prevent the magnets from travelling along the walls and eventually ! ^1 `6 S" V( m/ k) m4 v: dfinding each other on opposite sides of two walls by accident. For strong magnets the situation is different, 9 s; y9 Q! ~0 _, _* e/ xsince they attract each other over a longer distance with a force than can overcome obstructions presented by" m7 l/ ?8 D1 B
e.g. intestinal contents., v5 E3 S" k. X' X- U1 f
Furthermore, for a correct calculation of the magnetic pressure, both the flux density and the contact area / y' w& a& P0 J5 g4 hneed to be measured. The formula to calculate magnetic pressure is:& b( x+ B" a! U% l' X+ v- D, Z
Ac3 J. |! [, F$ {
P Ap ⋅ ⋅# Y4 T$ d4 i; o. X% J" m# y0 `
=) ~$ _9 E5 C* [) J. u# C
α B2 2 T; A( j% o+ D# t! u4 k8 ~7 Hwhere 1 G3 z' e9 I* P" u0 iP is the pressure " r2 A* \! J. j m1 \α is a constant " G5 v% M+ c4 q; d7 T5 @B is the Flux density (in Gauss or Tesla), and ; S5 Q; S4 b5 t) PAp is the pole area of the magnet 4 n Y" {# L, J8 S9 N( Y+ z) pAc is the contact area between the magnet and whatever surface the magnet exerts the pressure on) g) y0 X7 k9 p, L2 [5 M& o
The contact area between a magnet or a magnetic component and the object to which it is attracted, is often4 o1 ]# V7 q. r1 S v! O
very difficult to measure accurately due to unevenly shaped magnets or magnetic components.2 }, x1 Z! v- f5 I/ K( o
The flux index, however, can be calculated using the pole area of the magnet and the flux density at the7 `% j6 K: M" H
surface of the magnet or magnetic component. The flux index is therefore presently considered to be the best2 X. j, u# O0 l4 ?, s# K1 p
available measure for classification of hazardous magnets.5 L0 X" s9 U/ y; |9 W
Two or more magnets can attract each other and form a compound magnet with a higher flux index than each* I, F% \+ P6 M1 P. y% h
single magnet. The flux index will not double if two equally strong magnets are attracted to each other and the - M1 k" ^* x& a9 ^8 Dincrease in flux index will be relatively smaller for every new magnet that is added and will depend on ' N: v& `7 v' f7 D/ Bmagnetic material, shape, cross-section etc. Ingestion of multiple magnets has only been observed with 5 K! Z$ _9 V0 C* ?2 W; T" [stronger magnets and there is no accident data regarding weak magnets close to the flux index limit forming a ; N. I( P5 ~& |(stronger) compound magnet. Therefore no additional test method for compound magnets is introduced.4 r1 |' {; `3 U7 M. }% o: n
Toys that contain magnets and which can be expected to become wet during normal and foreseeable use are) k/ X8 M5 P( t& o2 F- j- v
subjected to a soaking test to ensure that glued magnets do not detach when the toy is wet. Also wooden toys / c7 I2 p' O) C6 zEN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) 2 N6 {% H7 n. S( h) B# bare subjected to the test since the properties of wood (such as size of holes) can change even with changes in 9 Z4 X0 {4 O5 [; f3 ~0 cair humidity.3 a& G+ t# O) {& k$ n# d9 @" T. s
In some cases magnets are recessed and can therefore not be subjected to the normal tension and torque # C7 t+ T) R/ n# `8 q2 r5 L8 ftest. Examples of toys have been found where a magnet has become detached by another magnet. A tension ' P# M0 E, K" H- K+ \: [7 Ctest for magnets has therefore been introduced to minimize the risk that such magnets become detached. e3 n2 ^' J2 u: T9 P6 s7 w
during normal and foreseeable play. . P6 a+ F& x1 {% U5 X2 xFunctional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys are not considered to present the same risk % A6 V7 p" y2 Z6 A$ K6 e( X1 {as magnets that form part of the play pattern. The use of magnets in these components may not be. t# b$ s" I; _! |
recognized, as they will be present inside electrical motors or in relays in electronic printing boards. None of1 t2 b6 Y( @7 `; L* Q, o7 C
the reported accidents has been linked to magnets released from electrical or electronic components * v9 E3 k( O, z) \Magnetic/electrical experimental sets that are not intended for children under 8 years are excluded from the8 z( N2 l1 ]/ a( I+ t, f
requirements provided that they carry a warning. The exception applies only to the more advanced( d- ]/ j! L, A
experimental sets that include building of electrical motors, loudspeakers, doorbells etc., i.e. products that! i. J; Y9 x8 F- g
need both magnetism and electricity for their function.作者: muhong 时间: 2009-4-30 09:10
是啊有没有PDF格式的标准呀？共享下咯~作者: runty 时间: 2009-4-30 10:09
要好好看看又有什么新名堂作者: stephen_2009 时间: 2009-5-4 15:34
什么新名堂？？？？？？？？作者: eastnan 时间: 2009-5-4 16:44
请问最新的版本什么时候发布呢？