标题: EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 [打印本页] 作者: tanger 时间: 2009-4-27 13:11 标题: EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008作者: eastnan 时间: 2009-4-27 17:33
为什么内容不全呢？作者: DOCTORO 时间: 2009-4-28 00:01
内容不全的话意义不大作者: brian3439 时间: 2009-4-29 23:14
PR A8主要内容" W; H- Y! {; k5 E5 G
( `' B1 t$ R* z, k 0 ]2 ~" U) Y! R$ B4 G ! E" c; O; M0 m, t- R7 J! b8 N+ R4 k+ x# O! A0 d3 r' {* n
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)) Z l4 `* u6 a& t1 h
2 " `% |2 B4 b' e1 u. r: IContents Page4 c" x1 q! z, J. D: o
Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................30 A8 {4 d, M2 L- b+ \
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................4. _; F8 z8 s" x. T$ @9 y
4.23 Magnets (see A.51) ...............................................................................................................................4$ [% X0 n& ]! G+ l8 X- S
4.23.1 General...................................................................................................................................................4 1 D9 Y. q0 g* q3 i4.23.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets.....................................................................4 # d( p9 i5 M* h$ B+ @4.23.3 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets .................................................................................................42 _& p4 |* x, \
7.20 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets (see 4.23 and A.51) ...............................................................5 : M3 [ n9 [! O) c# D4 c: {8.34 Tension test for magnets (see A.51)....................................................................................................5$ [# \+ X; x6 G- s+ c
8.34.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................5! X! Q5 |3 d7 o( ]% |
8.34.2 Toys that contain more than one magnet or magnetic component .................................................5 8 x# B8 q& l: J* _8.34.3 Toys that contain one magnet only .....................................................................................................5 8 i. D* J' S; N) ~8.35 Magnetic flux index...............................................................................................................................6 ) A& o7 K0 S9 P# e: w8.35.1 Principle.................................................................................................................................................68 a! V( e( G6 D& a
8.35.2 Apparatus ..............................................................................................................................................6 1 |' N3 ]7 |6 d, Z# }- X, g8.35.3 Procedure ..............................................................................................................................................6 : i0 G# _$ v% z" d0 m( I8.35.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index ......................................................................................................6. o& b0 a" o1 K" ]4 z6 r. c& e# d
A.51 Magnets (see 4.23)................................................................................................................................73 r6 Z: b. \ t% }5 Q) N1 h
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)/ Y3 v8 o1 _1 R" L
Foreword; v# i) _7 ]% [
This document EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 52 “Safety of t2 m5 ] H# i
toys”, the secretariat of which is held by DS., e5 T4 p% N5 B% h+ ^. ~
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. ) N/ d. M) K3 B$ h& z$ U. eThis document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the 8 X" u- X6 D9 [; u, \2 yEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). 6 W( `4 k; a7 J$ o* rFor relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document., g' y+ h. |# g$ d2 t. a4 { {& F
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) 8 z6 X+ G1 \3 H/ ^" X) @! X% {( A1 ^44 f& m0 h: Q: b5 K% w+ i; V9 b! f% v
3 Terms and definitions- [+ i$ {) w! o7 O2 ]
Add new definitions:' O9 ^& W7 b. ^
3.xx \& ]* i& K, z7 u
magnetic component" C2 l' s& P$ ?
any part of a toy which contains an attached or fully or partially enclosed magnet& W7 p8 K' V) j( \
3.yy0 ?5 {: P& o8 T
magnetic/electrical experimental set, S$ l7 A: P* v8 w" y
toy containing one or more magnets intended for carrying out educational experiments involving magnetism 1 q" l. \0 F7 J4 mand electricity4 h; F. q/ L: @. B S) K3 g7 f2 _
NOTE - This definition does not include magnetic/electrical experimental sets in which all magnets have a magnetic flux 0 P7 }1 I; [/ }" S6 }5 ]( |index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or do not fit entirely in the1 X) ?8 v3 Q( S" W& I: _; c! W
cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder)$ F/ P6 w" q. o9 u4 i
3.zz 2 E- `( ? s5 _* H% a( Ofunctional magnet in electrical or electronic components of toys8 y& c z1 ^1 x7 i2 V0 d: P* H
any magnet necessary for the function of motors, relays, speakers and other electrical or electronic & O% ~" f$ q* Hcomponents in a toy where the magnetic properties are not part of the play pattern of the toy , h- L* G1 K+ p4 n4 }; }Add new clauses: , L( A) t9 A s( V" V U5 x4.23 Magnets (see A.51)$ U4 u N$ n4 E) T( u8 i
4.23.1 General - g- @; _ A) ?The requirements in 4.23.2 do not apply to functional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys. 8 Z2 ]" o1 ^' W" o. g4.23.2 Toys other than magnetic/electrical experimental sets 5 A, H: P+ c8 ? R8 m$ [9 C. Ha) Any loose as-received magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) shall either have a magnetic flux index : @& x6 w6 l1 m4 A$ B4 b% Q; dless than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux index), or shall not fit : b8 y) r3 L4 h! N: a4 Gentirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder). 8 n; O) J, v2 q, A" d4 B, cb) Any magnet(s) and magnetic component(s) that become(s) released from a toy when tested2 ?$ u: F* T- v' N/ }$ J
according to 8.3 (torque test), 8.4.2.1 (tension test, general), 8.4.2.2 (tension test, seams and! H/ j% o; w8 W- [1 H2 x
materials), 8.5 (drop test), 8.7 (impact test), 8.8 (compression test), and finally, for magnets that are 6 x' z1 A) X$ h# A' ^5 |accessible but not grippable (as specified in 8.4.1.3), 8.34 (tension test for magnets), shall either have . {" \+ ?$ q! ?) A2 W/ S8 Q% Ba magnetic flux index less than 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) when tested according to 8.35 (magnetic flux 2 E( U: z& ~) y: T$ Uindex), or shall not fit entirely in the cylinder when tested according to 8.2 (small parts cylinder). - |3 y4 x% h5 \ S; f6 RNOTE – An example of a magnet that is accessible but not grippable could be a magnet that is recessed. . h' c; q( T0 W5 \$ T6 j; D1 G0 Qc) Wooden toys, toys intended to be used in water, and mouth-actuated toys shall be tested according to3 d" ~0 I% X1 y& ]" i4 W/ @) I
8.9 (soaking test) before being tested according to 4.23.2 b) above.2 I; Q' \. n1 s2 v' w8 C6 w
4.23.3 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets # B8 S8 X, ?- n/ PMagnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children over 8 years shall carry a warning (see 7.20). 2 b% ]+ [% w; X& p: W, t- nEN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E)5 `; w u7 ~' `2 s. Z* ^
Add a new clause:! ]8 g( r4 J" j8 a+ G- j
7.20 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets (see 4.23 and A.51) - C" @ C6 Y! \The packaging and the instructions for use of magnetic/electrical experimental sets shall carry the following, G' x+ f0 v5 Y T E1 r
warning: - R& q: _6 R& a5 H8 X, u“WARNING! Not suitable for children under 8 years. This product contains (a) small magnets(s).. ` L, w2 x# `& O
Swallowed magnets can stick together across intestines causing serious injuries. Seek immediate % e0 K- Y0 q1 E- g4 a Ymedical attention if magnet(s) are swallowed”. " S6 a& T- H# VAdd new clauses:% c% W1 J8 e7 S& X
8.34 Tension test for magnets (see A.51)% e0 v3 B9 N( z+ ~$ I5 o/ {
8.34.1 Principle * {- _+ I7 [# V( @) o7 l$ Z2 CEither a magnet or a magnetic component, or a reference disc, is used in order to test whether an accessible7 |, x& @- K; n2 ^7 ~ H
but not grippable magnet in the toy can be detached by a magnetic pulling force.2 V# o! W+ ^ }/ \0 w, u6 [+ h
The test shall simulate the intended or a reasonably foreseeable play pattern. $ Z" k/ S* F# d Q8.34.2 Toys that contain more than one magnet or magnetic component, r. E% l+ O2 x
Identify the magnet or magnetic component in the toy that is most likely to be able to detach the magnet that is 2 v, b7 ^! v# `0 Kto be subjected to the tension test. ) R( O4 ^4 F, @1 I) NWithout damaging the toy, place the magnet or magnetic component as close as possible to the magnet to be 6 V4 |- e" t0 x( H- g% h7 Gtested. Gradually apply a pulling force to the magnet/magnetic component until it separates from the tested4 D* d( c3 {$ C* f1 S. G
magnet or until the magnet is detached from the toy. Perform the test 10 times. 9 X6 Q) B# b. u% {) n9 F. g$ I/ RRepeat the procedure for any other magnet that according to 4.23.2 shall be subjected to the tension test for 3 Y( Y. U$ x0 m! g dmagnets.4 X2 i+ X1 x5 ^/ F( c
NOTE – If it is not possible to determine which magnet or magnetic component(s) in the toy that is most likely to be able to3 B/ a* M' C9 f; U7 b4 D$ e! Z7 E
detach the magnet that is to be subjected to the test, it is permissible to repeat the test with another magnet or magnetic : d+ Q3 x. i; J/ l: e# N/ Vcomponent from the toy.. v9 D5 }# |9 [. Y5 G3 X+ R
8.34.3 Toys that contain one magnet only 4 z+ r% O+ w6 M' a8 X/ n8.34.3.1 Apparatus & J; K: |7 @3 H/ PA nickel disc with a minimum nickel content of 99 %, and having the following minimum dimensions: 0 R" H, w* P% Z2 ^- diameter (30 ± 0,5) mm + m L( Q O/ F: \- length (10 ± 0,5) mm " V9 ]9 f/ X6 L( ^: i& Zand having a surface roughness Ra according to EN ISO 4287 which is not greater than 0,40 μm. s* ~+ C/ V# D2 f8.34.3.2 Procedure 4 Q- g* z( `* q: GWithout damaging the toy, place the flat part of the nickel disc as close as possible to the magnet to be tested. , I4 j# H# p" }; s. ~0 RGradually apply a pulling force to the disc until it separates from the magnet or until the magnet is detached # Y; z+ w/ i% R& @: |from the toy. Perform the test 10 times.4 w/ ~9 j2 q6 r
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) * I% ]% f# N% y8 [$ N6 0 y8 g( i5 s1 I* X8.35 Magnetic flux index1 X1 a; I5 i3 |1 t. T
8.35.1 Principle . |! t9 x% B) \( DThe magnetic flux index is calculated based on the results from measurements of the flux density and the pole6 l0 `% s8 o7 r; @1 B
surface area. + M: M* C B3 c" K$ A. b- ~8.35.2 Apparatus 9 m) Q: y+ \" R. m% B2 e8.35.2.1 Direct current field Gauss meter which is capable of determining the field to an accuracy of 5 G.3 k0 X" x c5 F& {; ~0 E8 u( N [
The meter shall have an axial type probe with . Q$ [( X9 N, T, m; F7 @+ O+ z- an active area diameter of (0,76 ± 0,13) mm# e2 ~8 _9 v* s8 _! E
- a distance between the active area and probe tip of (0,38 ± 0,13) mm. 1 C7 Q) x1 g) x- r* F: s8.35.2.2 Calliper square or similar device capable of determining dimensions to an accuracy of 0,1 mm. 3 S- E8 v" F* K" u9 J8.35.3 Procedure ; [ s3 E1 q$ V5 t; m5 G8.35.3.1 Measurement of flux density ) i+ I4 S! G. m: NPlace the tip of the Gauss meter’s probe in contact with the pole surface of the magnet. For a magnetic / k$ I5 L' Z _0 Mcomponent (where the magnet is fully or partially imbedded in part of the toy), place the tip of the probe in - Q2 _: i& s: C2 p/ k# K/ x- @contact with the surface of the component.* @3 } }. R& f7 t1 h+ g% b9 U. r
Maintain the probe in a position perpendicular to the surface. ; j" t& c& r6 F7 vMove the probe across the surface to locate the maximum flux density. $ e4 c, F! q7 A B) rRecord the maximum flux density with an accuracy of ± 5 G./ F3 z) d. [( j
8.35.3.2 Measurement and calculation of the pole surface area0 A: _( ]* C! A6 r$ T% H1 [
If the magnet is imbedded/attached as part of a magnetic component, extract the magnet from the component + r4 n5 Y: W5 s9 O5 C8 D3 E3 u8 }even if it is necessary to break the toy.& T5 k/ q9 O, N6 x2 X- n0 `
If the pole is not flat (for example, hemispherical), measure the maximum diameter of the magnet . L& @& G& Z2 vperpendicular to an axis through the magnet poles (see Figure xx), with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and 8 L, Z- O2 l0 \% {6 ncalculate the area of the corresponding cross-section.4 A. L. ?7 ]. Q- E
If the pole surface of the magnet is flat, measure the dimensions with an accuracy of ± 0,1 mm and calculate , t% z3 `1 N, j* P# m/ l" L6 Nthe area using the appropriate geometric formula.* V' L9 q6 j2 \2 K7 x: s" d: i2 i
For multi-pole magnets measure and calculate the area of the largest single pole, which can be identified2 D. c* t! _+ t( Y H& e
using magnetic field viewing film or equivalent.$ I. ^3 U( u4 @2 s! `5 F, g1 x
NOTE – An example of multi-pole magnet is a rubberized/plastoferrite magnet, consisting of multiple strips of + @) L4 u. z1 V5 n3 Epoles.+ p. E: O7 K/ c' ]5 d7 j) R% s
8.35.4 Calculation of magnetic flux index + p9 O' h$ T1 }6 u9 Y/ f# |The flux index (kG2 9 g4 K+ v& M+ Tmm2) is calculated by multiplying the calculated area of the pole surface (mm2) of the- t( u6 k& \2 I" G8 r
magnet by the square of the maximum flux density (kG2). : v$ x- n0 H$ B! ^, j5 @EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) 3 S: Q' M$ C$ w' u7 v; J' W) R6 SKey 7 i( t2 _) T& A8 E' O- m1 Maximum cross-section perpendicular to the axis 7 z3 y$ Y h z+ T' ], j2 Axis through the magnet poles2 T% o" y( D! Q$ a. J' L
Figure xx – Maximum diameter of magnet with a non-flat pole - p5 d" E- o2 j1 z1 k& ZAdd new clause in Annex A 0 A" t; m. k4 j7 G8 i$ N/ s8 IA.51 Magnets (see 4.23) 2 R3 g |6 J: \$ H/ r4 xThese requirements are intended to address the hazards associated with ingestion of strong magnets (e.g. $ E4 F3 R2 s: y2 J2 k+ f* G% f; l4 x; {neodymium iron boron type magnets), that are capable of causing intestinal perforation or blockage. These) b9 Z5 s6 W% A' w4 A
hazards are additional to those associated with small parts such as suffocation or asphyxiation (see A.26)./ I+ U% x1 ]* j; P$ s
The requirements apply regardless of the intended age of the user. 9 l' G4 }/ [0 K w1 w' [, E: R6 AMagnets found by children can be ingested. If more than one magnet, or one magnet and a ferromagnetic$ c/ c2 Q! M# M! b$ `# w9 |
object (for example iron or nickel) is ingested, the objects can attract to each other across intestinal walls and' e! o' N$ ^& G7 j4 x) a1 w8 J: X
cause perforation or blockage, which can cause severe injuries that may be fatal.# G) O2 t1 ^6 ^" |5 \# B+ f' H9 v
Several accidents, including one fatality, have been reported involving ingestion of magnets resulting in7 Z C4 A) q) r: Q" N
perforation or blockage of the intestines. Most accidents have occurred with children between the ages of 10 $ }+ a$ i% G ^" x, G) omonths and 8 years. The majority of the accidents involve strong magnets used in magnetic building sets and : R0 P! U. G9 R$ u2 O1 oin several cases surgery was required to remove the magnets from children’s intestines. Medical signs8 ~3 m; Y3 n' L. d" \
associated with intestinal perforation or blockage can easily be misinterpreted since many children exhibit only 4 K. X1 I$ \: ?" Mflu-like symptoms." O: w# g; \* \
For the purpose of this standard, magnets or magnetic components that could be ingested are identified by ( o6 r" i; V7 p( g, R: _& p$ K1 qusing the small parts cylinder. The small parts cylinder was originally designed for identification of small parts 1 s' |! G, e: G7 f$ P* X9 O9 Gin toys intended for children under 3 years, which are capable of causing suffocation or asphyxiation. It was) A7 m7 Q$ M" c8 X7 l$ W3 u
not designed for identifying objects that can be ingested by older children. The decision to use the small parts - X" ]$ t9 q: E3 i8 @, Q0 f; Zcylinder also for assessment of magnets or magnetic components that can be ingested was made for practical7 h% [! a/ z+ M9 v
and precautionary reasons: The cylinder is a well known test template and it provides a safety margin since' V4 u: T/ k$ @) q$ U8 b& n
the magnets and magnetic components that have caused accidents all fit entirely in the cylinder with a large 7 E, R R2 Z9 R: T- Q) K1 smargin. The same principle has been applied in the requirements for expanding material. 1 t+ R" C& e' Z8 q1 AThe risk of magnets attracting each other across intestinal walls is reduced with decreasing magnet strength. * U2 P) _1 N4 H( `/ F, L% G# eA limit value in the form of a magnetic flux index has therefore been introduced to define what a sufficiently 5 i3 H5 n0 o/ z2 L. b0 c, Jweak magnet is. Accident data indicate that only powerful magnets have been involved in all known ingestion 4 ]) q' i; }) v! i( A m; Nincidents to date. The data also suggest that magnet ingestion was not a problem in toys until powerful" X3 p3 v; y- E C. F
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) / D4 B% } j0 N( T* X! r* b3 a8 , r4 b& L1 y$ H( Bmagnets (such as neodymium iron boron magnets) became cost effective and commonplace several years 1 x) k* z: e+ w* p, bago. Ceramic, rubberized, and ferrite magnets have substantially lower attractive forces. A limit value for the7 M# ^' z& G/ d
magnetic flux index of 50 kG2mm2 (0,5 T2mm2) is considered appropriate to ensure, with a safety margin, that ' f! Z) J# `3 x5 d* kpowerful magnets of the type that have been involved in incidents will not be permitted for use in toys if they fit- }: R+ R) V1 ]. D4 S" \
entirely in the small parts cylinder. The one known fatality occurred with a magnet from a magnetic building $ _" u0 {8 I* g: ?5 eset with a flux index of 343 kG2mm2 (3,4 T2mm2). By introducing the flux index limit the risk of injuries with 4 N: C t$ G6 L0 ?% zmagnets has been minimised. New data in the future will be used to assess if the chosen requirements are & Y c0 M0 U8 k2 X4 z- Y5 hstill appropriate. ' y8 p6 ^7 {. D! e/ y/ E3 [More than 80 % of the known accidents have occurred with magnetic building sets. Magnetic building sets are) J+ x! ^& V1 n- s! G
subject to the requirements in this standard. ; e+ A' P* }- G/ ^0 HOther considerations were taken into account in evaluating the risks associated with ingestion of magnets.3 g6 t- L8 D8 Z" U1 p B, i8 H
Perforation of intestinal walls can occur if the blood supply to a part of an intestinal wall is cut off, for example9 }1 u% M# [- w- }6 T& _: j. ?
by the pressure exerted by two magnets that are attracted to each other across the walls. According to a 1 F/ h6 h5 q2 b: y! R& Xtheoretical medical study, a pressure of 0,0016 N/mm2 (12 mmHg) could, in a worst-case situation, cause+ P1 d% F! M8 S/ u
such a cut off of the blood supply. Virtually all magnets on the market are capable of producing this level of ) v/ J0 Y5 b" Y+ |' gpressure. ' C9 \0 c0 ~/ _' W6 H/ F7 vThe probability that two weak magnets (flux index below 50) will be transported through the intestinal system 6 Z; S( B$ F, [and end up on opposite sides of the intestinal walls at a position where the intestinal wall is extremely thin is9 L6 _5 A& h! h& x
considered to be very low. It would require not only that the two magnets are ingested on different occasions0 E/ |1 ^2 D) D! K! S3 G* z6 K* y
but also that the intestinal contents do not prevent the magnets from travelling along the walls and eventually8 j8 t+ X) D- s! d
finding each other on opposite sides of two walls by accident. For strong magnets the situation is different, ( N7 K3 A0 a0 T. Y& [# csince they attract each other over a longer distance with a force than can overcome obstructions presented by & k6 Z* g K1 Ae.g. intestinal contents.! ~' \: J" m9 v* R+ B
Furthermore, for a correct calculation of the magnetic pressure, both the flux density and the contact area ; X. m8 r3 v) L: B" \need to be measured. The formula to calculate magnetic pressure is:, F8 M6 u* n; v2 G
Ac + U$ U$ R* u# S# M9 [P Ap ⋅ ⋅ 8 Z* Z, r: [5 [= . `2 ]& z3 Y8 T% v wα B2 $ @ J: A' h' \7 r1 w3 H. C( l4 wwhere 5 `7 F) N, Y* X( l5 U( \* Q1 p" gP is the pressure . ^6 _- r. ?4 E* o' sα is a constant 7 ~9 w% I, C R4 C* ]- x* WB is the Flux density (in Gauss or Tesla), and' ^' x& g9 H6 j+ g, m. m
Ap is the pole area of the magnet ! i+ G( ^- h# x+ TAc is the contact area between the magnet and whatever surface the magnet exerts the pressure on2 Q: Y, d( I" [0 y, v
The contact area between a magnet or a magnetic component and the object to which it is attracted, is often ! H7 m9 L \5 W e; N* bvery difficult to measure accurately due to unevenly shaped magnets or magnetic components.! A, a) a& u" i. H `. h9 s
The flux index, however, can be calculated using the pole area of the magnet and the flux density at the& U9 t0 K" y2 K0 w1 R
surface of the magnet or magnetic component. The flux index is therefore presently considered to be the best 5 X5 T+ y# B2 D% B' wavailable measure for classification of hazardous magnets., c+ g: x) E4 ?! i/ q
Two or more magnets can attract each other and form a compound magnet with a higher flux index than each, v4 h6 a6 _! F5 @
single magnet. The flux index will not double if two equally strong magnets are attracted to each other and the " H7 z, p9 A" q: ]7 b M/ T% p8 X# eincrease in flux index will be relatively smaller for every new magnet that is added and will depend on 9 E. ^, }, }' S6 Xmagnetic material, shape, cross-section etc. Ingestion of multiple magnets has only been observed with * V0 }1 @* r! n7 ?# Z$ Dstronger magnets and there is no accident data regarding weak magnets close to the flux index limit forming a ( q/ U' V& O s, \- s! B* b. g/ P(stronger) compound magnet. Therefore no additional test method for compound magnets is introduced. ' ]& i4 `" _( _. AToys that contain magnets and which can be expected to become wet during normal and foreseeable use are2 n( L: N o& Z$ V, W
subjected to a soaking test to ensure that glued magnets do not detach when the toy is wet. Also wooden toys! ]+ ^8 y+ o, M
EN 71-1:2005/prA8:2008 (E) 5 ]* J, E& p5 j _) Y# B4 vare subjected to the test since the properties of wood (such as size of holes) can change even with changes in% y4 C: {' _4 x
air humidity. - h8 J3 [1 X ^+ R( M& fIn some cases magnets are recessed and can therefore not be subjected to the normal tension and torque) q0 f4 u# ?8 n! | ^+ @
test. Examples of toys have been found where a magnet has become detached by another magnet. A tension - g7 W2 X' g+ E7 utest for magnets has therefore been introduced to minimize the risk that such magnets become detached ; @+ l! d/ N; {' J4 Hduring normal and foreseeable play. " W6 M3 f% I: m KFunctional magnets in electrical or electronic components of toys are not considered to present the same risk , ^8 `" j) ~ B$ R7 i/ P2 Cas magnets that form part of the play pattern. The use of magnets in these components may not be) p7 u! G& e+ c/ q% G
recognized, as they will be present inside electrical motors or in relays in electronic printing boards. None of ) Y; F+ ~ N6 y0 q [the reported accidents has been linked to magnets released from electrical or electronic components; Z. o2 f% s# e% w6 ]/ T9 Q
Magnetic/electrical experimental sets that are not intended for children under 8 years are excluded from the8 e; B! M9 {) N8 f3 }5 E& J2 B
requirements provided that they carry a warning. The exception applies only to the more advanced7 V8 k1 f3 j+ l" I
experimental sets that include building of electrical motors, loudspeakers, doorbells etc., i.e. products that1 k; F$ i: n" P
need both magnetism and electricity for their function.作者: muhong 时间: 2009-4-30 09:10
是啊有没有PDF格式的标准呀？共享下咯~作者: runty 时间: 2009-4-30 10:09
要好好看看又有什么新名堂作者: stephen_2009 时间: 2009-5-4 15:34
什么新名堂？？？？？？？？作者: eastnan 时间: 2009-5-4 16:44
请问最新的版本什么时候发布呢？