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标题: 5V的材料是用在什么产品什么场合的？ [打印本页]
作者: wangwang    时间: 2007-8-10 11:12
标题: 5V的材料是用在什么产品什么场合的？
目前主要接触的是V同HB的材料
% i6 J6 t. w. e+ Z1 X/ I+ M1 U/ V想了解一下5V的材料是用在什么产品什么场合的？
作者: wangwang    时间: 2007-8-10 11:38
高手请进来指教下
作者: final_72    时间: 2007-8-10 13:20
塑料阻燃等级V-0，V-1，V-2及HB的定义& E* B" k# E, b% T( i" z( O  ?
塑料阻燃等级由V-0，V-1，V-2向HB逐级递减：
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# o* ^, @8 o! I+ eV-0：对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后，火焰在30秒内熄灭。不能有燃烧物掉下。
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& G. x8 Q5 x/ O, f9 zV-1：对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后，火焰在60秒内熄灭。不能有燃烧物掉下。
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V-2：对样品进行两次10秒的燃烧测试后，火焰在60秒内熄灭。可以有燃烧物掉下。
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0 _) I) K/ q7 WHB：UL94和CSA C22.2 No 0.17标准中最底的阻燃等级。要求对于3到13 毫米厚的样品，燃烧速度小于40毫米每分钟；小于3毫米厚的样品，燃烧速度小于70毫米每分钟；或者在100毫米的标志前熄灭。
作者: yzyjy    时间: 2007-8-10 13:35
5V的材料还没有听过,期待中...
作者: pwong03492    时间: 2007-8-10 13:40
以下摘自UL网站 http://www.ul.com/plastics/flame.html
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% c7 d* d! A; l0 w. L2 B7 V! FUL 94 flammability testing1 {" C2 T- R+ W, }
There are two types of pre-selection test programs conducted on plastic materials to measure flammability characteristics. The first determines the material’s tendency either to extinguish or to spread the flame once the specimen has been ignited. The first program is described in UL 94, The Standard for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, which is now harmonized with IEC 60707, 60695-11-10 and 60695-11-20 and ISO 9772 and 9773.! O/ V' g4 X" v7 |/ T! y

0 J+ H& B6 U. k9 M( n- r% [. i) }The second test program measures the ignition resistance of the plastic to electrical ignition sources. The material’s resistance to ignition and surface tracking characteristics is described in UL 746A, which is similar to the test procedures described in IEC 60112, 60695 and 60950.
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UL 94 flame classifications
/ }& j# E  h. s1 t5 [( Z. a* dThere are 12 flame classifications specified in UL 94 that are assigned to materials based on the results of these small-scale flame tests. These classifications, listed below in descending order of flammability, are used to distinguish a material’s burning characteristics after test specimens have been exposed to a specified test flame under controlled laboratory conditions.* C& V! V6 `; _/ {. n; Y: F

: \! p% h1 q; m2 O# r  t/ ?Six of the classifications relate to materials commonly used in manufacturing enclosures, structural parts and insulators found in consumer electronic products (5VA, 5VB, V-0, V-1, V-2, HB).
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4 p5 J  V( S* F7 k3 U. I, O0 B3 v! sThree of the remaining six classifications relate to low-density foam materials commonly used in fabricating speaker grills and sound-deadening material (HF-1, HF-2, HBF).   n/ T$ w8 w$ I7 Z- D

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The last three classifications are assigned to very thin films, generally not capable of supporting themselves in a horizontal position (VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2). These are usually assigned to substrates on flexible printed circuit boards.' b: X) V! M  i2 a/ c/ }9 V
Horizontal versus vertical positioning. z( X" E( Y; l. X# h! b5 X
Specimens molded from the plastic material are oriented in either a horizontal or vertical position, depending on the specifications of the relevant test method, and are subjected to a defined flame ignition source for a specified period of time. In some tests, the test flame is only applied once, as is the case of the horizontal burning (HB) test, while in other tests the flame is applied twice or more.
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0 F1 s: E! L; {A HB flame rating indicates that the material was tested in a horizontal position and found to burn at a rate less than a specified maximum. ; u1 _' Y+ a% J- I7 o$ h. |

0 l" e( }, [% k" gThe three vertical ratings, V2, V1 and V0 indicate that the material was tested in a vertical position and self-extinguished within a specified time after the ignition source was removed. The vertical ratings also indicate whether the test specimen dripped flaming particles that ignited a cotton indicator located below the sample. UL 94 also describes a method in which the test flame is applied for up to five applications, in testing for a 5VA or 5VB classification. These small-scale tests measure the propensity of a material to extinguish or spread flames once it becomes ignited.6 H: r4 v1 o( Q: }

* r7 [4 X  g/ y- @Difference in test methods and criteria" N6 `$ Z2 g( }. E
When looking at the flame ratings for plastic materials commonly molded to fabricate enclosures, structural parts and insulators found in consumer electronic products (5VA, 5VB, V-0, V-1, V-2 and HB), a material classified as 5VA or 5VB is subjected to a flame ignition source that is approximately five times more severe than that used in the HB, V-0, V-1 and V-2 tests, and the specimens may not drip any flaming particles. The three remaining six classifications specified in UL 94 relate to low-density foam materials commonly used in fabricating speaker grills and sound-deadening material (HF-1, HF-2, HBF). The remaining three classifications are assigned to very thin films, generally not capable of supporting themselves in a horizontal position (VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2).4 g4 q9 S) {" ~7 ^. @

3 e' m5 o- J) `: n  L- XUL 746A ignition tests
7 b+ X8 R" t. s2 ]In addition to flammability considerations, a material's ability to resist ignition from electrical sources is another important factor that must be considered in the selection and evaluation of a material for use in electrical equipment. Possible electrical ignition sources in equipment are: overloaded (overheated) electrical conductors and components; arcing parts, such as the open contacts of switches and relays; and arcing at broken or loose connections, e.g., splices or terminals. Polymeric materials in direct contact with or in close proximity to overloaded or arcing electrical parts could ignite.
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$ y4 q7 U: H  L7 `7 UThe three basic tests used to evaluate a material's ability to resist ignition are the Hot-Wire Ignition (HWI) High-Current (or High-Amp) Arc Ignition (HAI); and High-Voltage Arc Tracking Rate (HVTR). Details of the test criteria can be found in UL 746A, The Standard for Polymeric Materials - Short-Term Evaluations. The Recognized Component Directory tabulates the results of the small-scale tests conducted on the materials./ g. ~" B# o4 k$ h( C5 t3 i

4 f+ d, J( [# ~9 mThe HWI test indicates a material's resistance to ignition when exposed to abnormally high temperatures resulting from a component failure, such as a conductor carrying far more than its rated current. HWI performance is expressed as the mean number of seconds required to ignite a specimen when wrapped with an energized ni-chrome resistive wire that dissipates a specified level of energy.
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9 B( o% u$ Z% B3 FThe HAI test determines the material's ability to withstand electrical arcing either directly on or just above the surface of the plastic material. This can occur in the presence of open switch contacts or in the event of the failure of an electrical connection. HAI performance is expressed as the number of arc rupture exposures -- using standardized electrode materials, geometry and electrical supply circuit -- required to ignite a specimen when the arc occurs directly on the surface or a specified distance above the test specimen.
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9 d# f; C: R8 D8 S5 U- TThe HVTR for a material is expressed as the rate (in inches per minute) that a tracking path can be produced on the surface of the material under standardized test conditions. This test relates to establishment of an electrically conductive path on the surface of a solid, insulated material as a result of electrical stress.+ T6 H; X4 ~  Q3 h* a: _3 M

5 G. q, y& E7 k, k& d8 M$ y+ p6 JAnother ignition test can be applied to measure a material's resistance to ignition property. This test is the Glow-Wire Ignitability Test and is also described in UL 746A and 746C, Polymeric Materials - Use in Electrical Equipment Evaluations. The method is based on a test procedure that is documented in IEC 60695 and specified in numerous IEC end-product specifications, including IEC 60335-1. The test is somewhat similar to the HWI test in that it measures a material's resistance to ignition on application of a heated non-flaming source.
作者: pwong03492    时间: 2007-8-10 13:45
引用第3楼yzyjy于2007-08-10 13:35发表的  :" V4 z3 X; f! ?+ e
5V的材料还没有听过,期待中...
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分5VA, 和 5VB 两种, 很多塑胶料都有的. 可能你暂时没有需要, 所以没有注意.
作者: wangwang    时间: 2007-8-10 14:12
引用第5楼pwong03492于2007-08-10 13:45发表的  :
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分5VA, 和 5VB 两种, 很多塑胶料都有的. 可能你暂时没有需要, 所以没有注意.

. `) s: d9 Y  K4 W! w相信很多人听说过5V，5V材料通常比V等级要高，测试时用到更大能量的火焰，但我这里想知道的是这个类别的材料的使用场合
作者: pwong03492    时间: 2007-8-11 10:12
引用第6楼wangwang于2007-08-10 14:12发表的  :
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+ K' c0 ]9 g7 G1 g: u3 K相信很多人听说过5V，5V材料通常比V等级要高，测试时用到更大能量的火焰，但我这里想知道的是这个类别的材料的使用场合

* Q( I& f* R* Y$ ^: l3 q电气设备塑胶材料的易燃性等级要求, 请参照 UL746C Polymeric materials - Use in electrical equipment evaluations, Table 4.1 Enclosure requirements.7 q5 U2 T  F' n3 f
[attach]6900[/attach] 9 B; u/ c1 q* G" P" y$ e/ L0 J

+ h2 r1 Y% V9 {% M注解如下:, @# H' f% R) l4 _2 r4 A
注解a - HB or the enclosure complies with the 12 mm or 20 mm end-product flame tests as described in section 17 and 18 respectively.* y: J# O1 P+ R$ u& b
注解b - V=V-0, V-1 or V-2 classed materials, or the enclosure complies with the 12 mm or 20 mm end-product flame tests as described in section 17 and 18 respectively. Exception: Use of a HB enclosure material may be acceptable if determined by the applicable requirements in the end-product standard.
, y4 i# `( T& R5 U1 B注解c - 5VA or the enclosure complies with the 127 mm end-product flame tests as described in section 19.
7 _, o0 S5 ~7 E  O! n9 |% }8 S5 s2 B8 w注解d - May require flame spread per section 21.* b7 n: y6 k/ U9 X: q
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比如:  有人看管的家用电器 (手持式电钻, 搅拌机及真空吸尘器等)使用HB等级塑胶防护外壳即可.+ f7 ?2 _2 D; `+ k
以上是标准的条文要求
作者: lynn305    时间: 2007-8-11 10:39
实际使用中，出UL的电器极少用到5VA和5VB的塑料，而CUL的风扇，加热电器，负离子发生器等均要用5VA做外壳。
作者: kendy    时间: 2007-8-11 11:32
我以前用过1次，是在做GS时，转换开关的轴芯需要做750℃、850℃的灼热丝测试，当时V-0的材料做750℃时燃烧时间大于2秒，所以需对50mm距离内所有非金属材料进行针焰测试，为了避免不进行针焰测试，就用了5V的材料才过。
作者: ljh809809    时间: 2008-10-20 12:28
IEC 60950-1: 2005  C2 _; v6 h+ k0 ?% m
For movable equipment having a total mass  exceeding 18 kg and for all stationary equipemt, the material of a fire enclosure , in the thinnest significant wall thickness used ,shall be of 5VB class material or shall pass the test of Clause A.1
作者: lele11    时间: 2008-10-20 13:15
以前我做过空气清新机的cUL认证,好像是加拿大标准要求该无人照看的器具，要用5VA材料。
作者: 马蹄    时间: 2008-10-20 13:17
加拿大的电暖产品的材料阻燃级别最少是5VA ,5VA 5VB的材料其他地方还真的很少用；
作者: hncjy365    时间: 2008-10-20 18:32
以前有出口到加拿大的商用咖啡壶有要求要用到5VA的塑胶件,支撑带电部件的.
作者: 258mm    时间: 2008-10-21 09:51
谢谢
作者: hncjy365    时间: 2008-10-21 09:59
固定式器具的防火外壳,有要求必须是5V级的材料
作者: lingyuns    时间: 2008-10-21 12:19
美国阻燃材料标准为ANSI/UL-94-1985标准  x8 A) Z. ^4 H
UL94试验共有五种：
7 b. L$ i" x" L. m$ K, ^1． B级的水平燃烧试验
  A, l0 E. {0 l6 [0 `2． 94V-0、94V-1、94V-2级的垂直燃烧试验
  A  X+ R  f1 D, |1 d/ f$ w8 \$ |5 D- @3． 94 5-V级的垂直燃烧试验5 r) ~5 R; e, K) l5 K8 p! f
4． 用辐射板的火焰蔓延指数试验（按ASTM E 162的标准测定这里不作介绍） * @1 l- B( c& T
5． 94VTM-0,94VTM-1,94VTM-2级的垂直燃烧试验（VTM指极薄的材料这里不作介绍）
  [, ~; ?) W9 R现分述如下：1 |; q" W$ O0 h
1．94HB级的水平燃烧试验方法
! ]3 |2 R9 y9 k$ m本试验采用长127mm，宽12.7mm，最大厚度12.7mm，最小厚度3.05mm的小条状试样。在无通风的试验箱中进行。
: a/ g* R# W  T1 t+ J; i+ V5 q评为94HB级的材料，试样厚度为12.7mm时，在76.2mm标距上的燃烧速度不大于38.1mm/min，或试样厚度小于3.05mm时，燃烧速度不大于38.1mm/min或在达到102mm标线之前，必须停止燃烧。
6 R6 j0 g6 f$ F4 I5 R2．94V-0、94V-1、94V-2级的垂直燃烧试验方法  ^" D  W1 _) O, B- b$ {
UL94中的垂直燃烧试验根据样品燃烧时间，熔滴是否引燃脱脂棉等试验结果，把聚合物材料定为V-2,V-1,V-0和5-V四个级别，其中以V-2级为最低阻燃级，5-V级为最高阻燃级。先介绍94V-0、94V-1、94V-2级试验方法。
" I! M( c4 K# Y5 |% {此试验用小条试样长127mm，宽12.7mm，最大厚度12.7mm。在无通风试验箱中进行。试样上端（6.4mm的地方）用支架上的夹具夹住，并保持试样的纵轴垂直。试样下端距灯嘴9.5mm，距干燥脱脂棉表面305mm.。将本生灯点燃并调节至产生19mm高的蓝色火焰，把本生灯火焰置于试样下端，点火10s，然后移去火焰（离试样至少152mm远），并记下试样有焰燃烧时间。若移去火焰后30s内试样的火焰熄灭，必须再次将本生灯移到试样下面，重新点燃试样点火10s，然后再次移开本生灯火焰，并记下试样的有焰燃烧和无焰燃烧的续燃时间。若试样熔滴有烟棵里，让其落入试样下305mm的脱脂棉上，看其是否引燃脱脂棉。若脱脂棉着火，评级时应考虑其因素。1 D$ X6 {4 B( z
具体分级指标如下。
" O( J. z9 c. _+ T2 l" z9 J           级别# F$ c6 p2 `1 h+ m; ]
测试项目    94V-0    94V-1         94V-2
! B- s( G" o. }/ a1 十次点燃总有焰燃烧时间最大值（S）    50    250    2506 Q+ G! P( l  R9 P
2 个别的有焰燃烧时间最大值（s）    10    30    30) j7 V0 V7 [% D. J4 u6 D5 ^1 G
3 无焰燃烧时间(s)    30    60    60
. `# ?- H# g6 ~9 K4 有焰熔滴    无    无    允许仅短时燃烧
% x  E5 U6 h# ^: ?7 F0 V6 k5 L3．94 5-V级的垂直燃烧试验方法
- O6 y1 g  r( z4 v2 u' U94 5-V级垂直燃烧试验分A法和B法两种（A法为试条，B法为试片），是比94V-0、94V-1、94V-2测试更严格的实验方法。 9 I& h+ p4 z) o3 R" Y  ^# q) d
    以A法为例，将试条（127mm╳12.7mm）上端6.4mm处夹住并保持其纵轴垂直，喷灯安装在灯座的斜面上，使等于垂直线20度角。火焰总高度调至127mm，点火5 秒，再移开5秒，如此重复操作，直到试样承受点火5次。在第5次移开火焰后，观察并记录如下各项： 6 R2 \7 l# A! F0 y, d# j2 ]7 S0 d
（1）有焰加无焰燃烧的持续时间。
* d& Q8 }: n7 ~0 B% h2 r（2）试样被烧毁或损伤的距离。 8 S8 c1 |; H1 t- Y: X
（3）在试验期间试样是否熔滴颗粒。
! L5 {4 i6 y, H% |  k, `% A0 s（4）在燃烧后和冷却时立即观察试样的变形和物理强度。 # e5 w4 o1 M4 F' }# @' \
94 5-V垂直燃烧试验分级指标如下
. ^. c) E/ y- w0 L3 b; h7 K测试项目
- z  {- ], ~% a# ]方法    第5次点火后任一试样的燃烧时间    颗粒    有无燃烧的熔滴    另取一组5个试样
8 k7 I* a6 U6 G( C2 h  \+ n再作试验    第二次试验的要求" L+ C, r% I' T3 I! N- {& X. w

7 H4 W" l# j  D5 sA法    不超过60秒    无    5个试样中有一个
* ?0 c: n) o+ c9 l7 L2 l( M! K不符合要求    所有试样都符合要求5 A+ p, p" g$ @; y
B法    同上    同上    同上    同上8 `4 h( V% z. J1 M( v7 j
      以上介绍的是美国ANST/UL94-1985试验方法。   5 Z" \: |% G. o, _. j! m
       不同用途对阻燃性有不同要求，一般说来，人们总希望材料的阻燃性级别高一些。但事实上各种阻燃测试方法都有其局限性，其结论都是相对的。因此并不是阻燃级别越高越好，例如通常认为UL94 V-0级的材料比V-2级的好。然而某些电器产品要求材料具有抗电弧点燃性，这时V-2级就比V-0级好。因为94V-2级塑料不会在电作用下形成导电而结焦，从而大大降低了着火的可能性，而94 V-0级塑料则相反
作者: alanweng    时间: 2008-10-21 12:59
我公司现在正在做一款美国酒柜，火牛外壳就是用5VA料，. V/ \  |8 y) D; h3 q4 |: ?
设计中有一款加拿大商用的咖啡壶，发热管支撑也用5VA料。1 q% \- q* K8 k$ A
听我们安规大老说加拿大的比美国的严



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